PBDB Collection

Bulwer (Bul 111) (Permian of South Africa)

Where: Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa (29.8° S, 29.8° E: paleocoordinates 66.9° S, 15.7° W)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Estcourt Formation (Beaufort Group), Changhsingian (254.2 - 252.2 Ma)

• Lower Beaufort

Environment/lithology: delta plain; gray shale

• "greyish-orange to light olive grey, well laminated shale" (Anderson & Anderson 1985 (ref. 6188))

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: mold/impression

Reposited in the BPI

• collection made by Benecke, Anderson and Anderson 1969-71 (resides at BPI), and by van Dijk 1957-84 (resides at the Natal Museum in Pietermaritzburg (NMP))

Primary reference: J. M. Anderson and H. M. Anderson. 1985. Palaeoflora of Southern Africa. Prodromus of South African Megafloras Devonian to Lower Cretaceous 1-423 [P. Gensel/P. Gensel/P. Wagner]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 14361: authorized by Hallie Sims, entered by Heather Lindon on 01.06.2002, edited by Jered Karr and Matthew Clapham

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• 10 insect and 2 conchostraca fossils also reported

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Rigbya arberioides Rigbya arberioides leaves, also lists 1 male fruit and 8 female fruit specimens
Cordaitopsida
- Cordaitaceae	Noeggerathiopsis spathulata Noeggerathiopsis spathulata abundance stated as "?1" specimen
Polypodiopsida
Equisetidae - Equisetidae	"Sphenophyllum speciosum" = Trizygia speciosa "Sphenophyllum speciosum" = Trizygia speciosa Royle 1840
Equisetales - Equisetidae	Phyllotheca australis, Raniganjia kilburnensis Phyllotheca australis Brongniart 1828 Raniganjia kilburnensis
Arberiopsida
Arberiales -	Glossopteris symmetrifolia, Glossopteris spp., Lidgettonia inhluzanensis, Lidgettonia lidgettonioides Glossopteris symmetrifolia Glossopteris spp. Brongniart 1828 Lidgettonia inhluzanensis leaves, also lists 10 scale, 1 seed, 10 male fruit and 80 leaf scale specimens Lidgettonia lidgettonioides leaves, also lists 2 female fruit, 3 seed and 10 male fruit specimens
Insecta
Plecoptera -	Afroperla permiana n. gen. n. sp.⁶ Afroperla permiana n. gen. n. sp.⁶ van Dijk and Geertsema 2004 stonefly NM 2733
Plecoptera - Euxenoperlidae	Euxenoperla similis³ Euxenoperla similis³ Riek 1973 stonefly NM 895, 892
Grylloblattodea -	Liomoptoides similis⁵ Liomoptoides similis⁵ Riek 1973 ice crawler Probably NM 2526 (mentioned in Aristov and Mostovski, 2013)
Grylloblattodea - Liomopteridae	Liomopterites meridionalis n. sp.¹ Liomopterites meridionalis n. sp.¹ Aristov and Mostovski 2013 ice crawler NM 2730 (Mioloptera in van Dijk and Geertsema, 1999)
Orthoptera - Xenopteridae	Permoxenopterum laticostum n. gen. n. sp.⁷ Permoxenopterum laticostum n. gen. n. sp.⁷ van Dijk and Gorochov 2011 grasshopper NMSA 2732
Dicondylia - Permosialidae	Epimastax hesterae n. sp.² Epimastax hesterae n. sp.² Rasnitsyn and van Dijk 2011 winged insect
Hemiptera - Eoscartarellidae	? Eoscartarellidae indet.³ ? Eoscartarellidae indet.³ Evans froghopper NM 890ab
Hemiptera - Dysmorphoptilidae	Dysmorphoscartella lobata³ Dysmorphoscartella lobata³ Riek 1973 true bug NM 893
Hemiptera - Dunstaniidae	Austroprosboloides vandijki³ Austroprosboloides vandijki³ Riek 1973 true bug NM 889ab
Mecoptera - Mesopsychidae	Prochoristella bulwerensis n. sp.⁵ Prochoristella bulwerensis n. sp.⁵ van Dijk and Geertsema 1999 scorpionfly NM 2565 ab
Mecoptera - Permochoristidae	Callietheira granthami n. sp.⁵, Neochoristella goodalli n. sp.⁵ Callietheira granthami n. sp.⁵ van Dijk and Geertsema 1999 scorpionfly NM 2558 ab, 2559 ab Neochoristella goodalli n. sp.⁵ van Dijk and Geertsema 1999 scorpionfly NM 2567 ab
Protomeroptera - Protomeropidae	Permomerope natalensis n. sp.⁴ Permomerope natalensis n. sp.⁴ Sukatsheva and Mostovski 2007 winged insect NMSA 2568a/b
Neuroptera - Archeosmylidae	aff. Archeosmylus sp.⁵ aff. Archeosmylus sp.⁵ Riek 1953 lacewing NM 2569 ab
Eoblattida - Megakhosaridae	Miolopterina tenuipennis³ Miolopterina tenuipennis³ Riek 1976 insect NM 897

¹Aristov and Mostovski 2013; ²Rasnitsyn and van Dijk 2011; ³Riek 1976; ⁴Sukatsheva et al. 2007; ⁵van Dijk and Geertsema 1999; ⁶van Dijk and Geertsema 2004; ⁷van Dijk and Gorochov 2011