PBDB Collection

Observation Quarry (Miocene of the United States)

Where: Dawes County, Nebraska (42.7° N, 102.9° W: paleocoordinates 43.3° N, 99.6° W)

• coordinate stated in text

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Early/Lower Barstovian (16.3 - 12.5 Ma)

• Olcott Formation equivalent

Environment/lithology: terrestrial

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: T. H. V. Rich. 1981. Origin and History of the Erinaceinae and Brachyericinae (Mammalia, Insectivora) in North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 171(1):1-116 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/P. Mannion]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 17976: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 18.02.1993, edited by Jonathan Marcot, Jelle Zijlstra, Patricia Holroyd, Mark Uhen and Nicholas Famoso

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• directly overlies the Box Butte Fm.
NW 1/4 NW 1/4 SE 1/4 sec 4 T31N R47W: Woodburne 1969
a channel deposit equated with the Olcott Fm. on faunistic grounds only: Rich 1981

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Balaercinae indet.⁷ Balaercinae indet.⁷
Reptilia
Galliformes -	Galliformes indet.⁷ Galliformes indet.⁷ fowl
Aves
Charadriiformes -	Charadriiformes indet.⁷ Charadriiformes indet.⁷ shorebird
Pelecaniformes - Ardeidae	Ardea sp.⁶ Ardea sp.⁶ Linnaeus 1758 heron
Passeriformes -	Passeriformes indet.⁷ Passeriformes indet.⁷ Linnaeus 1758 perching bird
Neornithes -	Strigiformes indet.⁷ Strigiformes indet.⁷ Wagler 1830 owl
Anseriformes - Anatidae	? Anatinae indet.⁷ ? Anatinae indet.⁷ Vigors 1825 duck
Falconiformes - Falconidae	Pediohierax ramenta n. gen. n. sp.⁸ Pediohierax ramenta n. gen. n. sp.⁸ Wetmore 1936 raptor "Falco ramenta" type of Wetmore 1936 from "Merychippus quarry"
Accipitriformes - Accipitridae	Accipitridae indet.⁷ Accipitridae indet.⁷ Viellot 1816 hawk
Mammalia
Soricomorpha - Soricidae	Pseudotrimylus roperi¹⁵, Antesorex wilsoni n. sp.¹⁵, Alluvisorex sp.¹⁵ Pseudotrimylus roperi¹⁵ Wilson 1960 shrew FAM 94280, fragmentary maxilla with P4–M2 with possibly associated mandibular fragments m3; FAM 94274, dentary with i1, a2–a4, m1– m3; FAM 94269, dentary with i1, a4, and m1–m3; FAM 94266, dentary with i1, m1–m3; FAM 94264, dentary with i1, m1–m2; FAM 94277, dentary with i1, m1; FAM 94279, dentary with a4, m1–m3; FAM 94267, 94271, 94276, den- taries with m1–m3; FAM 94268, 94272, 94278, dentaries with m1–m2; FAM 94281, dentary with m1; FAM 94265, 94273, dentaries with m2–m3; FAM 94275, dentary with m2; FAM 94270, edentulous dentary; UNSM 56773, isolated i1. Antesorex wilsoni n. sp.¹⁵ Korth and Evander 2016 red-toothed shrew Type Specimen.—UNSM 56779, right dentary with p4– m2 (Figs. 7E–F). Referred Specimens.—UNSM 56775, dentary with m2– m3; UNSM 56776, dentary with p4–m1; UNSM 56777, left dentary with p4–m3; UNSM 56778, dentary with m1– m2; UNSM 56780, dentary with condyle, ascending ramus and alveoli for m2–m3. Alluvisorex sp.¹⁵ Hutchison 1966 shrew UNSM 56774, mandibular fragment with left m2.
Soricomorpha - Plesiosoricidae	Plesiosorex coloradensis¹⁶, Plesiosorex greeni¹⁵ Plesiosorex coloradensis¹⁶ Wilson 1960 placental Plesiosorex greeni¹⁵ Martin and Lim 2004 placental UNSM 56700, dentary with p4– m3 and alveoli for i1–p3; FAM 74915, dentary with p4–m3; FAM 74917, dentary with p4–m1, m3; FAM 76654, dentary with i2, p4–m2; FAM 74904, 74907, 74909, 76648, 76649, 76650, 76653, 76656, 76658, dentaries with p4–m2; FAM 74910, 74911, 74916, 76659, 76661, 76663, 76666, 76667, 76669, 76670, 76682, 76683, 76687, dentaries with p4–m1; FAM 76651, dentary with p3–m4; FAM 76652, 76677, den- tary with i2, m1; FAM 76671, dentary with m1–m3; FAM 74908, 76647, 76657, 76660, 76662, 76664, 76655, 76681, 76688, dentaries with m1–m2; UNSM 56701, FAM 76689, p4; UNSM 56702, FAM 74912, 76665, 76668, 76672, 76674, 76679, 76684, 76686, 76690, m1; UNSM 56703, 56704, 56705, FAM 74919, 76685, 76678, 76680, 76675, m2; FAM 76676, m3; FAM 144249, rostrum of skull with left I1, C, P3–P4 and right I1–I2, P3; FAM 74905, palate with right P3–P4, and left P3–M1; FAM 74904, 74920, maxillae with P4–M2; FAM 74902, maxilla with P3–M1; UNSM 56706–56708, P4; UNSM 56709–56712, 56734, M1; UNSM 56713, 56714, M2.
Soricomorpha - Talpidae	Scalopoides hutchisoni n. sp.¹⁵ Scalopoides hutchisoni n. sp.¹⁵ Korth and Evander 2016 mole Type Specimen.—FAM 144656, right dentary with p2– m2 (Figs. 9A–B). Referred Specimens.—UNSM 56727, right partial den- tary with angle, base of ascending ramus and m3; FAM 144651, 144653, 144654, 144655, partial dentaries with m1–m3; FAM 144652, partial dentary with m2.
Tribosphenida - Erinaceidae	Lanthanotherium observatum n. sp.¹⁵, Metechinus amplior Lanthanotherium observatum n. sp.¹⁵ Korth and Evander 2016 hedgehog Type Specimen.—FAM 140574, dentary with c1, p4–m3 (Figs. 4E–F). Referred Specimens.—FAM 74976, maxillary fragment with P2, M1; FAM 74969, maxillary fragment with P4– M1; FAM 74969, partial palate with C1, P2–M1; FAM 76691, maxilla with P4–M3; UNSM 56719, P4; UNSM 56716–56718, M1; UNSM 56715, M2; FAM 74971, 74974, 74989, 74988, 74996, 76600, 76601, partial den- tary with p4–m1; FAM 74980, 74990, 76607, 76621, par- tial dentary with p4–m2; FAM 74989, 74997, partial den- tary with p3–m1; FAM 74983, dentary with p3–m2; FAM 74986, 74994, 74998, 76603, partial dentary with m1–m2; FAM 76605, 74973, dentary with m1–m3; FAM 76608, 76614, 76619, UNSM 56721, partial dentary with m2–m3; FAM 74991, dentary with p4–m3; FAM 74981, dentary with p4, m2–m3; FAM 76602, partial dentary with m1, m3; FAM 76606, dentary with p4–m1, m3; FAM 76618, dentary with c1, p3–m1; UNSM 56733, partial dentary with p3–p4; FAM 76613, partial dentary with p2–p4; FAM 74968, 74970, 74975, 74985, 76612, fragmentary dentary with p4; FAM 74992, partial dentary with c1, p4; FAM 74972, 74978, 74987, 74995, 76609, 76610, 76617, fragmentary dentary with m1; FAM 74977, 74993, 74999, 76604, 76611, 76620, fragmentary dentary with m2; FAM 74982, 76615, fragmentary dentary with m3; UNSM 56781, fragmentary dentary with i2; UNSM 56722, 56723, 56724, isolated m1; UNSM 56720, 56726, isolated m2; UNSM 56725, isolated m3. Metechinus amplior Rich 1981 hedgehog
Carnivora - Procyonidae	Bassariscus minimus n. sp.⁴, "Rhapsodus tedfordi n. sp." = Probassariscus matthewi³, Arctonasua minima n. sp.² Bassariscus minimus n. sp.⁴ Baskin 2004 ringtail definitely not the same as "Rhapsodus tedfordi" or Arctonasua minima "Rhapsodus tedfordi n. sp." = Probassariscus matthewi³ Merriam 1911 procyonid carnivore Arctonasua minima n. sp.² Baskin 1982 procyonid carnivore
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Brachypsalis obliquidens¹⁵, Leptarctus oregonensis⁹, Skopelogale melitodes n. gen. n. sp.⁵ Brachypsalis obliquidens¹⁵ Sinclair 1915 mustelid carnivore cited to Prothero et al. (2008) Leptarctus oregonensis⁹ Stock 1930 mustelid carnivore Skopelogale melitodes n. gen. n. sp.⁵ Baskin 2020 mustelid carnivore
Carnivora - Amphicyonidae	Pliocyon sp.¹² Pliocyon sp.¹² Matthew 1918 bear-dog
Carnivora - Felidae	Pseudaelurus stouti¹⁵, Pseudaelurus marshi¹⁵ Pseudaelurus stouti¹⁵ Schultz and Martin 1972 cat cited to Rothwell (2003) Pseudaelurus marshi¹⁵ Thorpe 1922 cat cited to Rothwell (2003)
Carnivora - Canidae	Cynarctoides acridens²⁴, Tomarctus hippophaga²⁴, Paracynarctus sinclairi²⁴, Leptocyon leidyi²² Cynarctoides acridens²⁴ Barbour and Cook 1914 bone-crushing dog Tomarctus hippophaga²⁴ Matthew and Cook 1909 bone-crushing dog Paracynarctus sinclairi²⁴ Wang et al. 1999 bone-crushing dog Leptocyon leidyi²² Tedford et al. 2009 canine
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Anchitherium sp.¹⁵ Anchitherium sp.¹⁵ von Meyer 1844 anchitheriine horse cited to Dingus (1990)
Perissodactyla - Chalicotheriidae	Chalicotheriidae indet.¹⁰, Tylocephalonyx sp.¹⁵ Chalicotheriidae indet.¹⁰ Gill 1872 chalicothere Tylocephalonyx sp.¹⁵ Coombs 1979 chalicothere cited to Coombs (2004)
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	Aphelops megalodus¹⁸, Teleoceras medicornutum¹⁸ Aphelops megalodus¹⁸ Cope 1873 rhinoceros Teleoceras medicornutum¹⁸ Osborn 1904 rhinoceros
Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae	"Dyseohyus stirtoni" = Stirtonhyus xiphodonticus²⁵ "Dyseohyus stirtoni" = Stirtonhyus xiphodonticus²⁵ Barbour 1925 peccary also includes "Cynorca proterva" of Woodburne 1969
Artiodactyla - Dromomerycidae	"Dromomeryx whitfordi" = Dromomeryx borealis¹¹, "Drepanomeryx matthewi n. sp." = Drepanomeryx falciformis¹¹, "Bouromeryx supernebrascensis n. sp." = Bouromeryx americanus¹¹ "Dromomeryx whitfordi" = Dromomeryx borealis¹¹ Cope 1877 ruminant "Drepanomeryx matthewi n. sp." = Drepanomeryx falciformis¹¹ Sinclair 1915 ruminant "Bouromeryx supernebrascensis n. sp." = Bouromeryx americanus¹¹ Douglass 1899 ruminant also "B. pseudonebrascensis" type Frick 1937; see also Voorhies 1990
Artiodactyla - Moschidae	"Blastomeryx cf. elegans" = Blastomeryx gemmifer¹¹ "Blastomeryx cf. elegans" = Blastomeryx gemmifer¹¹ Cope 1874 musk deer
Artiodactyla - Leptomerycidae	"Parablastomeryx scotti n. sp." = Pseudoparablastomeryx scotti¹¹ "Parablastomeryx scotti n. sp." = Pseudoparablastomeryx scotti¹¹ Frick 1937 ruminant see also Taylor and Webb 1976
Artiodactyla - Protoceratidae	"Prosynthetoceras siouxensis n. sp." = Lambdoceras siouxensis¹⁷ "Prosynthetoceras siouxensis n. sp." = Lambdoceras siouxensis¹⁷ Frick 1937 protoceratid of "P. siouxensis dawesensis"
Artiodactyla - Merycoidodontidae	"Ticholeptus hypsodus" = Ticholeptus zygomaticus²⁰, Brachycrus siouense¹⁹, Merychyus relictus²¹ "Ticholeptus hypsodus" = Ticholeptus zygomaticus²⁰ Cope 1878 oreodont Brachycrus siouense¹⁹ Sinclair 1915 oreodont Merychyus relictus²¹ Matthew and Cook 1909 oreodont
Lagomorpha - Ochotonidae	Oreolagus nebrascensis¹⁵ Oreolagus nebrascensis¹⁵ McGrew 1941 pika UNSM 56752, P3; UNSM 56753; dP3; UNSM 56754 and 56755, P4; FAM 144473, FAM 144481, FAM 144482, fragmentary maxillae with P4; UNSM 56751, dP4; UNSM 56756 to 56758, M1; FAM 144445, left and right articulated dentaries with complete dentition; FAM 144444, dentary with i1 and p4–m2; FAM 1444470, dentary with p4–m2; FAM 144439 and FAM 144441, partial dentaries with p4–m1; FAM 144442, FAM 144446, FAM 144462, FAM 144471, partial or fragmentary dentaries with m1–m2; FAM 144440, partial dentary with i1 and m1; FAM 144477, FAM 144478, par- tial or fragmentary dentary with m1; FAM 144443, FAM 144474, partial or fragmentary dentaries lacking cheek teeth; UNSM 56759, p4.
Lagomorpha - Leporidae	Hypolagus parviplicatus¹⁵, Pronotolagus cf. albus¹⁵ Hypolagus parviplicatus¹⁵ Dawson 1958 rabbit FAM 144448, partial dentary with p3–m2; FAM 144447, FAM 144455, FAM 144461, FAM 144476, partial dentaries with p4–m2; FAM 144463, partial dentary with p4–m1; FAM 144457, dentary lacking teeth; FAM 144454, fragments of dentary with two associated lower molariform teeth; UNSM 56749, isolated P2; FAM 144460, maxilla with P4–M1; FAM 144452, partial skull with palate and dorsal neurocranium (crushed) with left P4– M2 and right P4–M1; FAM 144459, fragmentary maxilla with two upper molariform teeth; FAM 144466, partial skull in two major pieces: ventral rostrum and palate with left P3–M2 and right P3–M1, and posterior part of skull includ- ing frontal, parietals and squamosals; UNSM 56750, FAM 144458, FAM 144472, isolated upper molariform teeth; FAM 144484, one upper and one lower molariform tooth; FAM 144475, 17 isolated upper and six lower molariform teeth; FAM 144480, three isolated p3s, 18 upper molari- form, and three lower molariform teeth; FAM 144483, ve isolated upper molariform teeth; FAM 144450, complete right femur; FAM 144449, FAM 144453, FAM 144464, par- tial or fragmentary femora; FAM 144469, partial diaphysis and distal epiphysis of left humerus; FAM 144485, metatar- sal lacking proximal epiphysis. Pronotolagus cf. albus¹⁵ Voorhies and Timperley 1997 rabbit FAM 144483 (in part) p3; FAM 144468, dentary with p3 (unworn)–m2; FAM 144467, FAM 144467, partial dentaries with m1–m2; FAM 144480 (in part), isolated lower molariform tooth.
Rodentia - Sciuridae	Miospermophilus bryanti¹⁵ Miospermophilus bryanti¹⁵ Wilson 1960 squirrel FAM 144252, partial crushed skull with incisors, left M1 and right P3, M1–M2; UNSM 56741, P4; UNSM 56742, 56743, 56744, M1 or M2; UNSM 56745, M3; UNSM 56746, 56747, p4; UNSM 56748, m1 or m2; FAM 144250, 144251, 144253, 144254, dentaries with p4–m2; UNSM 56735, three isolated incisors.
Rodentia - Castoridae	Monosaulax tedi n. sp.¹³ Monosaulax tedi n. sp.¹³ Korth 1999 beaver
Rodentia - Eomyidae	Leptodontomys cf. stirtoni¹⁵ Leptodontomys cf. stirtoni¹⁵ Lindsay 1972 rodent FAM 144256, nearly complete dentary with i1; FAM 144257, partial dentary with m1.
Rodentia - Heteromyidae	Mookomys altifluminus¹⁵, Mioheteromys subterior n. sp.¹⁵ Mookomys altifluminus¹⁵ rodent UNSM 56731, partial dentary with p4; FAM 144259, partial dentary with i1, p4. Mioheteromys subterior n. sp.¹⁵ Korth and Evander 2016 rodent Type Specimen.—UNSM 56737, left p4. Referred Specimens.—UNSM 56738, 56739, 56740, isolated m1 or m2; UNSM 56736, UNSM 56772, isolated I1s; FAM 144258, dentary with i1, p4–m3.
Rodentia -	Jimomys labaughi n. sp.²³ Jimomys labaughi n. sp.²³ Wahlert 1976 rodent
Rodentia - Cricetidae	Copemys lindsayi¹⁵ Copemys lindsayi¹⁵ Sutton and Korth 1995 rodent FAM 95503, right dentary with m1–m3; UNSM 56730 left dentary with i1 and alveoli for m1–m3; UNSM 56728 left maxilla with M1–M2; UNSM 56729, left maxilla with M1–M3.
Rodentia - Mylagaulidae	Galbreathia bettae¹, Alphagaulus vetus¹⁴, Umbogaulus galushai n. sp.¹⁴ Galbreathia bettae¹ Sutton and Korth 1995 rodent Alphagaulus vetus¹⁴ Matthew 1924 rodent Umbogaulus galushai n. sp.¹⁴ Korth 2000 rodent
Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae	cf. Myotis indet.¹⁵ cf. Myotis indet.¹⁵ Kaup 1829 vesper bat UNSM 56782, left dentary with alveoli for c1–m2.

¹Alroy 2002; ²Baskin 1982; ³Baskin 1989; ⁴Baskin 2004; ⁵Baskin 2020; ⁶Becker 1986; ⁷Becker 1987; ⁸Becker 1987; ⁹Calede et al. 2017; ¹⁰Coombs 2004; ¹¹Frick 1937; ¹²Hunt 1998; ¹³Korth 1999; ¹⁴Korth 2000; ¹⁵Korth and Evander 2016; ¹⁶Martin 2012; ¹⁷Patton and Taylor 1971; ¹⁸Prothero 2005; ¹⁹Schultz and Falkenbach 1940; ²⁰Schultz and Falkenbach 1941; ²¹Schultz and Falkenbach 1947; ²²Tedford et al. 2009; ²³Wahlert 1976; ²⁴Wang et al. 1999; ²⁵Woodburne 1969