PBDB Collection

Pinjor formation, Upper Siwaliks, near Chandigarh (Pliocene of India)

Where: Panjab, India (30.7° N, 76.8° E: paleocoordinates 29.6° N, 77.2° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

When: Tatrot Formation, Late/Upper Pliocene (3.6 - 2.6 Ma)

• Late Pliocene. The Pinjor Formation overlies the Tatrot formation, with the contact between them dated to 2.5Ma (Gauss/Matuyama boundary).

•"Upper Siwaliks"

Environment/lithology: fluvial; lithology not reported

• Basically fluviatile. Laid down by laterally shifting rivers on a flood plain.

Size class: macrofossils

Collection methods: Local environment (based on mammals) is open grassland,with some bushland ansd wooded grassland.

Primary reference: R. Gaur and S. R. K. Chopra. 1984. Taphonomy, fauna, environment and ecology of Upper Sivaliks (Plio-Pleistocene) near Chandigarh, India. Nature 308:353-358 [A. Turner/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]more details

Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis

PaleoDB collection 51106: authorized by Alan Turner, entered by Hannah O'Regan on 27.05.2005, edited by Graham Slater

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• This faunal list is an amalgamation of specimens collected at a number of localities in the area. Gastropods, etc., are mentioned but not described. Also 'unionids' listed.

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Demelops palaeindicus, Potamocypris sp., Hemicypris sp. Demelops palaeindicus MNI = 1. Potamocypris sp. Hemicypris sp.

Charales - Characeae	Hornichara maslovi, Sphaerochara sp. Hornichara maslovi Sphaerochara sp. Mädler 1952
Charales - Characea	Chara rantzieni, Chara surazpurica Chara rantzieni stonewort Chara surazpurica stonewort
Charales - Feistiellaceae	Nitellopsis sp. Nitellopsis sp. Hy 1889
Actinopteri
Siluriformes - Siluridae	Siluridae indet. Siluridae indet. Cuvier 1816 catfish
Mammalia
Proboscidea - Elephantidae	Elephas platycephalus, Elephas hysudriscus, Elephas planifrons, Stegodon bombifrons, Stegodon insignis Elephas platycephalus elephant MNI = 1. Elephas hysudriscus elephant MNI = 3. Elephas planifrons Falconer and Cautley 1846 elephant MNI = $. Stegodon bombifrons Falconer 1847 elephant MNI = 1. Stegodon insignis Falconer 1857 elephant MNI = 3.
Carnivora - Viverridae	Vishnuictis sp. n. sp. Vishnuictis sp. n. sp. Pilgrim 1932 civet MNI = 1.
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	Rhinoceros palaeindicus, Rhinoceros sivalensis, Coelodonta platyrhinus Rhinoceros palaeindicus Falconer and Cautley 1847 one-horned rhinoceros MNI = 2. Rhinoceros sivalensis Falconer and Cautley 1847 one-horned rhinoceros MNI = 3. Coelodonta platyrhinus wooly rhino MNI = 2.
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Equus sp., Equus sivalensis Equus sp. Linnaeus 1758 horse MNI = 1. Equus subsp. nov. Equus sivalensis Falconer and Cautley 1849 horse MNI = 7.
Artiodactyla - Cervidae	Cervidae indet., "Cervus punjabiensis n. sp." = Metacervocerus punjabiensis, Rucervus simplicidens Cervidae indet. Gray 1821 deer MNI = 2. "Cervus punjabiensis n. sp." = Metacervocerus punjabiensis Brown 1926 deer Rucervus simplicidens deer MNI = 1.
Artiodactyla - Giraffidae	Sivatherium giganteum Sivatherium giganteum Bohlin 1926 giraffe MNI = 1.
Artiodactyla - Bovidae	Bovidae indet., Reduncini indet., Antilopini indet., Alcelaphini indet. Bovidae indet. Gray 1821 antelope MNI = 10. Reduncini indet. Knottnerus-Meyer 1907 antelope MNI = 1. Antilopini indet. Gray 1821 antelope MNI = 2. Alcelaphini indet. Brookes 1876 antelope MNI = 3.
Artiodactyla - Suidae	Sus sp. n. sp., Sus falconeri, Potamochoerus theobaldi Sus sp. n. sp. Linnaeus 1758 pig MNI = 1. Sus falconeri Lydekker 1884 pig MNI = 2. Potamochoerus theobaldi pig MNI = 1.
Artiodactyla - Camelidae	Camelus sivalensis Camelus sivalensis Falconer and Cautley 1836 camel MNI = 1.
Artiodactyla - Hippopotamidae	Hexaprotodon sivalensis Hexaprotodon sivalensis Falconer and Cautley 1836 pygmy hippo MNI = 1.
Rodentia - Muridae	Muridae indet. Muridae indet. Illiger 1811 mouse MNI = 1.
Reptilia
Testudines - Cheloniidae	"Chelonidae indet." = Cheloniidae "Chelonidae indet." = Cheloniidae Bonaparte 1832 sea turtle
Crocodylia - Crocodylidae	Crocodylidae indet. Crocodylidae indet. crocodile
Ostracoda
Podocopida - Zonocyprididae	Zonocypris sp. Zonocypris sp. Müller 1898 ostracod
Podocopida - Candonidae	Candona sp. Candona sp. Baird 1845 ostracod
Podocopida - Ilyocyprididae	Ilyocypris sp. Ilyocypris sp. Brady and Norman 1889 ostracod
Crustacea
-	Crustacea indet. Crustacea indet. Brünnich 1772
Gastropoda
-	Gastropoda indet. Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795 snail