Carrot River Bonebed (Cretaceous of Canada)

Also known as SMNH locality 63E03-001

Where: Saskatchewan, Canada (53.2° N, 103.5° W: paleocoordinates 52.0° N, 59.3° W)

• coordinate estimated from map

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Belle Fourche Formation (Colorado Group), Middle Cenomanian (99.6 - 93.5 Ma)

• 40Ar/39Ar age from overlying bentonite = 95.17 ± 0.31 Ma

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marginal marine; shelly/skeletal conglomerate and claystone

• wave-tossed, nearshore marine
• "A discontinuous bone breccia underlies a 3-5 cm bentonite layer. Probably deposited in shallow water less than 6 m deep, near the eastern shore of the Western Interior Seaway.""Soft, dark, carbonaceous shale...capped by a continuous, slightly undulating 3-5 cm thick bentonite."

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collected by D. Hardie in 1991-1994

Collection methods: quarrying, surface (float), surface (in situ), mechanical,

Primary reference: S. L. Cumbaa and T. T. Tokaryk. 1993. Early birds, crocodile tears, and fish tales: Cenomanian and Turonian marine vertebrates from Saskatchewan, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13(3, suppl.):31A-32A [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 52997: authorized by Matthew Carrano, entered by Kaitlin Maguire on 30.08.2005, edited by Matthew Carrano and Matthew Clapham

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Chondrichthyes
 Rajiformes - Sclerorhynchidae
Sclerorhynchidae indet.1 Capetta 1974 ray
 Lamniformes - Pseudoscapanorhynchidae
Cretodus appendiculata1 mackerel shark
 Lamniformes - Cretoxyrhinidae
Cretoxyrhina denticulata3 Glickman 1957 mackerel shark
 Lamniformes - Anacoracidae
Squalicorax sp. Whitley 1939 crow shark
Squalicorax falcatus1 Agassiz 1843 crow shark
"Squalicorax volgensis" = Palaeoanacorax volgensis1 Glickman 1971 crow shark
 Lamniformes - Carchariidae
Carcharias sp.1 Rafinesque 1810 sand shark
 Lamniformes - Archaeolamnidae
Archaeolamna sp.1 Siverson 1992 mackerel shark
 Hybodontiformes - Hybodontidae
Hybodus sp.1 Agassiz 1834 elasmobranch
 Hybodontiformes - Ptychodontidae
Ptychodus sp.1 Agassiz 1834 elasmobranch
Ptychodus decurrens1 Agassiz 1838 elasmobranch
Ptychodus anonymus1 Williston 1900 elasmobranch
Ptychodus occidentalis1 Leidy 1868 elasmobranch
Actinopteri
 Pycnodontiformes - Pycnodontidae
Pycnodontidae indet.1 Agassiz 1833
 Pachycormiformes - Pachycormidae
Protosphyraena sp. Leidy 1857
 Crossognathiformes - Pachyrhizodontidae
 Ichthyodectiformes - Ichthyodectidae
 Teleostei -
Salmoniformes indet.1 Bleeker 1859
 Aulopiformes - Enchodontidae
Enchodus sp. Agassiz 1835
Enchodus cf. shumardi1 Leidy 1856
 Aspidorhynchiformes - Aspidorhynchidae
Belonostomus sp.1 Agassiz 1834
Reptilia
 Plesiosauria - Polycotylidae
Polycotylidae indet.1 Williston 1908 plesiosaur
 Plesiosauria - Elasmosauridae
Elasmosauridae indet.1 Cope 1869 elasmosaur
 Plesiosauria - Pliosauridae
Pliosauridae indet.1 Seeley 1874 plesiosaur
 Theropoda -
Hesperornithiformes indet.1 Fürbringer 1888 avialan
Pasquiaornis hardiei n. gen. n. sp.2 Tokaryk et al. 1997 avialan
Pasquiaornis tankei n. sp.2 Tokaryk et al. 1997 avialan
Ichthyornis "sp. B"1 Marsh 1872 avialan
Ichthyornis "sp. A"1 Marsh 1872 avialan
? Enantiornithes indet. Walker 1981 avialan
 Ornithischia -
Ornithischia indet.1 ornithischian
 Testudines -
Testudines indet.2 Batsch 1788 turtle
 Testudines - Protostegidae
Protostegidae indet.1 Cope 1873 sea turtle