Parent taxon: Spiriferidina according to A. Williams et al. 2006
Sister taxa: Adolfioidea, Brachythyridoidea, Cyrtioidea, Cyrtospiriferoidea, Delthyridacea, Martinioidea, Paeckelmanelloidea, Spirifera paucicostata, Spirifera trapezoidalis, Spirifera vespertilio, Spiriferoidea, Theodossioidea
Subtaxa: Ambocoeliidae Eudoxinidae Lazutkiniidae Verneuiliidae
Ecology: stationary low-level epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Triassic of China (85 collections), Oman (4), Pakistan (2), the Russian Federation (2), United States (2: Montana)
• Permian to Triassic of China (2)
• Permian of Antarctica (1), Australia (14), Austria (1), Bolivia (29), Brazil (3), Canada (15: British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon), China (266), Germany (1), Greece (4), Hungary (7), Indonesia (1), Iran (6), Italy (10), Japan (5), Laos (1), Lithuania (8), Malaysia (2), Mexico (1), Mongolia (1), New Caledonia (2), New Zealand (16), Oman (1), Pakistan (6), Peru (7), the Russian Federation (16), Slovenia (1), Tajikistan (3), Thailand (26), Tunisia (3), Türkiye (1), Ukraine (2), the United Kingdom (6), United States (176: Alaska, California, Idaho, Kansas, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Wyoming), Venezuela (3)
• Namurian of Thailand (1)
• Carboniferous to Permian of United States (4: California, Texas)
• Carboniferous of Antarctica (1), Argentina (3), Australia (6), Belgium (2), Bolivia (9), Canada (7: Alberta, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon), China (5), Czechia (1), Germany (4), India (1), Ireland (4), Mexico (2), Peru (2), the United Kingdom (69), United States (501: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Iowa/Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, California)
• Givetian of China (1), Poland (1), the Russian Federation (1)
• Devonian to Carboniferous of the United Kingdom (4)
• Devonian of Afghanistan (5), Argentina (4), Australia (12), Belgium (3), Bolivia (25), Brazil (7), Canada (93: Alberta, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Mackenzie, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Yukon), China (31), Colombia (12), Czechia (14), France (2), Germany (26), Italy (1), Libya (3), Morocco (1), Myanmar (2), Poland (19), the Russian Federation (20), South Africa (8), Spain (2), Tajikistan (1), Ukraine (4), the United Kingdom (7), United States (522: Alaska, Arizona, California, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia), Uzbekistan (1), Venezuela (1), Vietnam (3)
• Silurian to Devonian of Pakistan (1)
• Silurian of Canada (9: Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon, Yukon Territory), Czechia (8), Iran (1), United States (2: California, Oklahoma)
Total: 2221 collections including 2514 occurrences