Parent taxon: Spiriferidina according to A. Williams et al. 2006
Sister taxa: Adolfioidea, Ambocoelioidea, Brachythyridoidea, Cyrtioidea, Delthyridacea, Martinioidea, Paeckelmanelloidea, Spirifera paucicostata, Spirifera trapezoidalis, Spirifera vespertilio, Spiriferoidea, Theodossioidea
Subtaxa: Conispiriferidae Cyrtospiriferidae Spinocyrtiidae
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Permian of the Russian Federation (1 collection)
• Carboniferous to Permian of China (1)
• Carboniferous of Argentina (1), Canada (6: Alberta, Northwest Territories, Yukon), Mexico (1), United States (5: California, Colorado, Indiana)
• Givetian of France (4), United States (1: Missouri)
• Devonian to Carboniferous of the United Kingdom (3)
• Devonian of Afghanistan (36), Australia (7), Belgium (10), Canada (14: Alberta, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Ontario), China (28), Colombia (1), France (30), Germany (45), Iran (30), Libya (15), Luxembourg (2), Mauritania (2), Morocco (6), Myanmar (2), Poland (31), the Russian Federation (12), Spain (19), Tajikistan (5), the United Kingdom (10), United States (689: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin), Venezuela (7), Vietnam (2)
• Silurian of Canada (1: Nunavut)
Total: 1027 collections including 1364 occurrences