Full reference: W. Waagen. 1883. Productus Limestone Fossils, Part IV, fas. 2. Salt Range Fossils, Palaeontologia Indica, Series 13 1(4):391-546
Parent taxon: Spiriferida according to A. Williams et al. 2006
See also Chen and Shi 1999, Jin and Chatterton 1997, Savage et al. 1978, Shen et al. 2003 and Waterhouse 2004
Sister taxa: Artospirifer, Boucotia, Callicalyptella, Colongina, Costanoplia, Cratospirifer, Crinisaria, Delthyridina, Donispirifer, Fimbrispiriferidae, Hollardiella, Kalitvella, Kimatothyris, Luofuia, Martiniidina, Notanoplia, Notoparmella, Ornothyrella, Paracomposita, Paracostanoplia, Paraplicanoplia, Pararhynchospirina, Parunicinella, Plicambocoelia, Plicanoplites, Plicatosyrinx, Pustulatia, Rariella, Rukavischnikovia, Septaparmella, Serrulatrypa, Sikasella, Tangxiangia, Tegulispirifer, Thecideidina, Turganiella, Weibeia, Xenospirifer
Subtaxa: Adolfioidea Ambocoelioidea Brachythyridoidea Cyrtioidea Cyrtospiriferoidea Delthyridacea Martinioidea Paeckelmanelloidea Spirifera paucicostata Spirifera trapezoidalis Spirifera vespertilio Spiriferoidea Theodossioidea
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder