Parent taxon: Spiriferidina according to A. Williams et al. 2006
Sister taxa: Ambocoelioidea, Brachythyridoidea, Cyrtioidea, Cyrtospiriferoidea, Delthyridacea, Martinioidea, Paeckelmanelloidea, Spirifera paucicostata, Spirifera trapezoidalis, Spirifera vespertilio, Spiriferoidea, Theodossioidea
Subtaxa: Adolfiidae Echinospiriferidae
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Carboniferous of Australia (2 collections)
• Givetian of China (1)
• Devonian of Afghanistan (8), Algeria (1), Australia (18), Canada (24: Alberta, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario), China (41), the Czech Republic (14), France (11), Germany (2), Iran (1), Libya (1), Morocco (2), Myanmar (2), Poland (1), the Russian Federation (9), Spain (1), United States (166: Alaska, Arizona, Iowa, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Pennsylvania), Uzbekistan (1), Vietnam (3)
• Silurian of Canada (5: Northwest Territories, Nunavut), China (4), the Czech Republic (8), the Russian Federation (1)
Total: 327 collections including 385 occurrences