Echinoidea - Camarodonta - Toxopneustidae
Full reference: F. H. Troschel. 1872. Die Familie der Echinocidariden (1). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 38:293-356
Parent taxon: Odontophora according to A. Kroh and A. B. Smith 2010
See also Donovan 1993, Fell and Pawson 1966, Linder et al. 1988, Nisiyama 1966 and Smith 2009
Sister taxa: Echinometridae, Strongylocentrotidae
Subtaxa: Goniopneustes Gymnechinus Lytechinus Mirechinus Nudechinus Oligophyma Pseudoboletia Pseudocentrotus Schizechinus Scholiechinus Sphaerechinus Toxopneustes
Type: Toxopneustes
Ecology: epifaunal grazer-deposit feeder
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Barbados (1 collection), France (1), Jamaica (1), United States (5: California, Florida, South Carolina)
• Pliocene of Fiji (1), Japan (1), Mexico (1), United States (2: California, Florida)
• Miocene of Algeria (4), Egypt (1), Morocco (1), United States (2: California)
• Oligocene of United States (1: Oregon)
• Eocene of Japan (1)
• Cretaceous of Jamaica (1)
Total: 24 collections including 25 occurrences