Echinoidea - Camarodonta - Strongylocentrotidae
Full reference: J. W. Gregory. 1900. The Echinoidea. A Treatise on Zoology. Part III. The Echinodermata, A. & C. Black, London 282-332
Parent taxon: Odontophora according to A. Kroh and A. B. Smith 2010
See also Clark and Twitchell 1915, Fell and Pawson 1966, Grant and Hertlein 1938, Kew 1920, Nisiyama 1966 and Smith 2009
Sister taxa: Echinometridae, Toxopneustidae
Subtaxa: Allocentrotus Caenocentrotus Heliocidaris Loxechinus Strongylocentrotus
Ecology: epifaunal grazer-deposit feeder
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Canada (2: British Columbia, New Brunswick collections), Greenland (16), Iceland (2), Japan (1), Mexico (4), United States (25: Alaska, California, Massachusetts, Oregon)
• Pliocene of Belgium (1), Japan (3), United States (6: California, Florida)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Japan (1)
• Miocene of New Caledonia (1), United States (4: California)
• Oligocene of United States (1: California)
Total: 67 collections including 73 occurrences