Full reference: E. A. Stensiö. 1934. On the Placodermi of the Upper Devonian of East Greenland: I. Phyllolepida and Arthrodira. Meddelelser om Grønland 97(1):1-58
Parent taxon: Arthrodira according to J. S. Nelson et al. 2016
See also Denison 1975, Denison 1978, Dineley and Metcalf 1999, Long 2011 and Young 2010
Sister taxa: Acanthaspida, Actinolepidiformes, Actinolepidoidei, Actinolepina, Africanaspis, Antarctolepis, Arctonema, Arenipiscis, Aspidichthys, Atlantidosteus, Brachydeirina, Callognathus, Carolowilhelmina, Coccosteina, Coccosteoidei, Copanognathus, Cosmacanthus, Cravenaspis, Denisonosteus, Diplognathus, Edgellaspis, Erikaspis, Errolosteus, Eskimaspis, Euarthrodira, Eubrachythoraci, Glyptaspis, Grazosteus, Heintzosteus, Heterostiina, Hollardosteus, Holonematina, Huaningichthys, Incisoscutoidea, Kartalaspis, Kimberleyichthys, Kueichowlepis, Kunmingolepis, Laurentaspis, Lurapullaspis, Machaerognathus, Mediaspidae, Murmur, Operchallosteus, Overtonaspis, Pachyosteidae, Pachyosteina, Parawilliamsaspis, Phlyctaeniiformes, Phlyctaenina, Pholidosteidae, Phylctaeniida, Platyaspis, Prescottaspidae, Qataraspis, Squamatognathus, Stegophthalami, Taemasosteus, Taunaspis, Temnothoraci, Timanosteus, Toombalepis, Toombsosteus, Tyriolepis, Wheathillaspis, Wuttagoonaspina, Phyllolepidoidei, Brachythoracoidei
Subtaxa: Antarctaspina Cobandrahlepis Phyllolepina Yurammia
Ecology: nektonic carnivore