Placodermi - Actinolepidiformes
Parent taxon: Arthrodira according to R. van der Laan 2019
Sister taxa: Acanthaspida, Actinolepidoidei, Actinolepina, Africanaspis, Antarctolepis, Arctonema, Arenipiscis, Aspidichthys, Atlantidosteus, Brachydeirina, Callognathus, Carolowilhelmina, Coccosteina, Coccosteoidei, Copanognathus, Cosmacanthus, Cravenaspis, Denisonosteus, Diplognathus, Edgellaspis, Erikaspis, Errolosteus, Eskimaspis, Euarthrodira, Eubrachythoraci, Glyptaspis, Grazosteus, Heintzosteus, Heterostiina, Hollardosteus, Holonematina, Huaningichthys, Incisoscutoidea, Kartalaspis, Kimberleyichthys, Kueichowlepis, Kunmingolepis, Laurentaspis, Lurapullaspis, Machaerognathus, Mediaspidae, Murmur, Operchallosteus, Overtonaspis, Pachyosteidae, Pachyosteina, Parawilliamsaspis, Phlyctaeniiformes, Phlyctaenina, Pholidosteidae, Phylctaeniida, Phyllolepida, Platyaspis, Prescottaspidae, Qataraspis, Squamatognathus, Stegophthalami, Taemasosteus, Taunaspis, Temnothoraci, Timanosteus, Toombalepis, Toombsosteus, Tyriolepis, Wheathillaspis, Wuttagoonaspina, Brachythoracoidei, Phyllolepidoidei
Subtaxa: Actinolepididae Antarctaspididae Gavinaspididae Kujdanowiaspididae Phyllolepidae Wuttagoonaspididae
Ecology: nektonic carnivore
Distribution:
• Devonian of Antarctica (2 collections), Australia (11), Belarus (9), Belgium (2), Canada (3: Nunavut), China (5), Estonia (6), Germany (2), Greenland (1), Latvia (8), New Zealand (1), Norway (1), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (1), Ukraine (16), the United Kingdom (3), United States (9: Maine, Nevada, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Utah, Wyoming)
Total: 80 collections including 98 occurrences