Full reference: R. H. Denison. 1975. Evolution and classification of placodermi fishes. Brevoria 432:1-24
Parent taxon: Arthrodira according to R. H. Denison 1975
Sister taxa: Acanthaspida, Actinolepina, Africanaspis, Antarctolepis, Arctolepidae, Arctonema, Arenipiscis, Aspidichthys, Atlantidosteus, Brachydeirina, Brachythoraci, Bruntonichthys, Bullerichthys, Bungartiidae, Burrinijucosteus, Callognathus, Camuropiscidae, Coccosteina, Copanognathus, Cosmacanthus, Cravenaspis, Diplognathus, Erikaspis, Errolosteus, Eskimaspis, Euarthrodira, Eubrachythoraci, Glyptaspis, Goodradigbeeon, Grazosteus, Groenlandaspididae, Harrytoombsia, Heintzosteus, Heterostiina, Hollardosteus, Incisoscutoidea, Kendrickichthys, Kimberleyichthys, Kueichowlepis, Latocamurus, Laurentaspis, Lurapullaspis, Machaerognathus, Mcnamaraspis, Murmur, Mylostomatidae, Operchallosteus, Overtonaspis, Pachyosteidae, Pachyosteina, Parawilliamsaspis, Phlyctaenina, Phylctaeniida, Platyaspis, Prescottaspis, Qataraspis, Rhachiosteidae, Rolfosteus, Selenosteidae, Squamatognathus, Stegophthalami, Taemasosteus, Taunaspis, Temnothoraci, Timanosteus, Titanichthyidae, Toombalepis, Toombsosteus, Torosteus, Trachosteus, Tubonasus, Wheathillaspis, Wuttagoonaspina, Yinosteus, Actinolepidoidei, Brachythoracoidei, Phlyctaenioidei, Phyllolepidoidei
Subtaxa: none
Ecology: nektonic carnivore
Distribution: there are no occurrences of Holonematina in the database