Aves - Charadriiformes - Panalcidae
Full reference: N. A. Smith. 2011. Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91:1-116
Parent taxon: Charadriiformes according to N. A. Smith 2014
See also Smith 2011 and Smith and Mayr 2013
Sister taxa: Alcae, Alcoidae, Burhinidae, Charadrii, Charadriisimilis, Chionidae, Cimolopterygidae, Dakotornithidae, Elseyornis, Erythrogonys, Graculavidae, Graculavus, Haematopodidae, Hydrophasianus, Jacanidae, Lari, Limicolae, Parrae, Pedionomae, Pedionomidae, Peltohyas, Phegornis, Pluvianellus, Pluvianidae, Recurvirostridae, Rhinoptilus, Sarjeantopodus, Scolopaci, Scolopacidae, Stercorariidae, Telmatornis, Telmatornithidae, Thinocoridae, Thinornis, Turnicidae, Volgavis
Subtaxa: Alcodes Alcodes ulnulus Divisulcus Mancalla milleri Pliolunda diegense
Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of United States (1: California collection)
• Blancan of United States (12: California)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of United States (1: California)
• Pliocene of United States (5: California)
• Miocene to Pliocene of United States (1: California)
• Miocene of Mexico (2), United States (2: California)
Total: 24 collections including 26 occurrences