Dinophyceae - Peridiniales - Protoperidiniaceae
Full reference: J.P. Bujak and E.H. Davies. 1983. Modern and fossil Peridiniineae. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Contributions Series (13)
Parent taxon: Peridiniales according to E. Masure et al. 1998
See also Balech 1988 and Bujak and Davies 1983
Sister taxa: Aireiana, Angustidinium, Arachnodinium, Barssidinium, Bitorus, Blysmatodinium, Deflandreaceae, Herendeenia, Laciniadinium, Multispinula, Noricysta, Octodinium, Pentapharsodinium, Peridiniaceae, Rhabdothorax, Shublikodinium, Stoveracysta, Susadinium, Tectatodinium, Tuberculodinium
Subtaxa: Capillicysta Cristadinium Dissodium Erymnodinium Islandinium Leipokatium Lejeunecysta Malvinia Phelodinium Protoperidinium Selenopemphix Stelladinium Sumatradinium Xandarodinium Zygabikodinium
Ecology: "photoautotroph"
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Canada (1: Quebec collection), North Pacific (153), Southern Ocean (5)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Southern Ocean (2)
• Pliocene of the Netherlands (1), North Pacific (3), Southern Ocean (14)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Belgium (1), Southern Ocean (1)
• Miocene of Argentina (3), Azerbaijan (1), Southern Ocean (33), United States (1: Maryland)
• Oligocene to Miocene of Argentina (1)
• Oligocene of Argentina (17), Azerbaijan (1), Denmark (1), Germany (1), Southern Ocean (3)
• Cretaceous of Antarctica (15), Argentina (1)
Total: 259 collections including 441 occurrences