Full reference: F. E. Fritsch and G. S. West. 1927. A Treatise on the British freshwater algae.
Parent taxon: Dinoflagellata according to F. E. Fritsch and G. S. West 1927
See also Guler et al. 2005
Sister taxa: Acanthaulax, Aldorfia, Apectodinium, Biechelerella, Bulbodinium, Calciodinellum, Callaiosphaeridium, Canninginopsis, Chonesphaera, Crussolia, Disphaerogena, Dracodinium, Dubridinium, Emslandia, Eurydinium, Evittodinium, Filisphaera, Glyphanodinium, Haplohermesinum, Hystrichosphaeridea, Korystocysta, Lejeunia, Palambages, Palynodinium, Paraevansia, Paralecaniella, Pentadinium, Phallocysta, Pluriarvalium, Polysphaeridium, Rhombodinium, Schematophora, Scrippsiella, Spongodinium, Svalbardella, Tubidermodinium, Turbiosphaera
Subtaxa: Actiniscales Actinotheca Aiora Algidasphaeridium Anthatractus Apteodinium Arcticacysta Aremoricanium Belodinium Bicarinellum Broomea Calcicarpinium Calcigonellum Calciogranellum Calcipterellum Calcisphaerellum Caligodinium Cantulodinium Ceratocoryaceae Chiropteridium Cryptarchaeodinium Cymatiogalea Danea Diconodinium Dictyopyxidia Diornatosphaera Diplotesta Disconodinium Distatodinium Dollidinium Downiesphaeridium Echinidinium Eodinia Evansia Exochosphaeridium Favilarnax Galea Gillinia Gonyaulacales Gymnodinium Heliodinium Heteraulacacysta Heterocapsaceae Histiophora Horologinella Hystrichokibotium Hystrichosphaeropsis Invertocysta Kofoidopsis Komewuia Lithodinia Lithoperidinium Membranophoridium Millioudodinium Multiplicisphaeridium Nannoceratopsiaceae Nannoceratopsiella Nelsoniella Odontochitinopsis Oodnadattia Ovoidinium Palaeoglenodinium Palaeoperidinioideae Palaeotetradinium Paleopedicystus Palmnickia Pareodiniaceae Pentafidia Peridiniales Peridinites Phanerodinium Polyedryxium Polykrikaceae Polystephanephorus Polystephanosphaera Priscogalea Prolixosphaeridium Pseudodeflandrea Ptychodiscales Pulvinosphaeridium Raphidodinium Rottnestia Samlandia Scriniocassis Spherites Spiniferites Stephanelytron Suessia Taeniophora Teneridinium Tenua Ternia Thoracosphaerales Toolongia Triblastula Trichodinium Valvaeodinium Vulcanisphaera Wallodinium Wetzeliella Wetzelodinium Xenicodinium Xenikoon