Parent taxon: Eukaryota according to E. Taylor et al. 2008
Sister taxa: Allonema, Archaeplastida, Birrindudutuba, Changchengia, Chlorobiota, Chromalveolata, Chromista, Conglobocella, Cucumiforma, Dictyosphaera, Dinophyta, Euglenophyta, Filinexum, Gigantosphaeridium, Kamolineata, Leiothrichoides, Limbunyasphaera, Palaeosiphonella, Plantae, Protista, Protozoa, Prymnesiophyta, Rhizopodea, Sarcomastigophora, Satka, Sinosabelliditida, Siphonoseptum, Soldadotubulus, Spiromorpha, Stramenopila, Tappania, Tuanshanzia, Valeria, Waltheria
Subtaxa: Acanthodiacrodium Acanthorytidodiacrodium Acanthozonodiacrodium Angularia Appendisphaera Applanopsis Archaeodiscina Archaeofavosina Archaeohystrichosphaeridium Archaeoperisaccus Archaeopertusina Artemisiocysta Ascostomocystis Asperatopsophosphaera Asseserium Asteridium Athabascaella Bacatisphaera Bacillidinium Bacisphaeridium Baltisphaeridium Bavlinella Brochopsophosphaera Buedingiisphaeridium Caldariola Ceratocystidiopsis Ceratosphaeridium Circulisporites Cirrifera Clavaticystis Codonia Codoniella Comasphaeridium Concentricystes Coronopsis Cristallinium Cyclodictyon Cyclopsiella Cymatiosphaera Cymatiosphaeroides Dasydiacrodium Dasyrytidodiacrodium Deunffia Dicrospinasphaera Dictyosphaeridium Dictyotidium Dimastigobolus Diplofusa Disphaeria Domasia Domasiella Eotylotopalla Epicephalopyxis Ericiasphaera Estiastra Eupoikilofusa Filisphaeridium Fromea Gemmuloides Germinosphaera Gorgonisphaeridium Granodiscus Granomarginata Gyalosphaeridium Halodinium Halophoridia Heliosphaeridium Hocosphaeridium Kildinella Konderia Korilophyton Korojonia Lacunalites Lakhandinia Leioarachnitum Leiofusa Leiomarginata Leiominuscula Leiopsophosphaera Leiosphaera Leiosphaeridium Limbicysta Lophodiacrodium Lophominuscula Lophorytidodiacrodium Lophosphaeridium Lophozonodiacrodium Lunulidia Lusatia Margominuscula Mecsekia Megasacculina Membranolimbus Membranosphaera Micrhystridium Microconcentrica Microforaminiferal Microrugosina Multifronsphaeridium Nucellosphaeridium Nummus Ocalasphaera Odontothrix Ooidium Operculites Ophiobolus Orygmatosphaeridium Palaeobion Palaeocryptidium Palaeostomocystis Paucilobimorpha Peteinosphaeridium Piperodinium Platycystidia Poikilofusa Polyedrosphaeridium Priscotheca Protoarchaeosacculina Protocridosphaeridium Protoleiosphaeridium Protosphaeridium Prototrematosphaeridium Pterocystidiopsis Pterospermopsis Pterosphaeridia Quadrina Quisquilites Recticystis Retisphaeridium Rhombodella Rhopaliophora Schismatosphaeridium Schizocystia Schizofusa Sibiriafilum Simia Simsangia Singraulipollenites Sinosphaera Solisphaeridium Spicadinium Spumosina Staplinium Stictosphaeridium Stylodiniopsis Symplassosphaeridium Synsphaeridium Tanarium Tenuirica Tetrabrachiophora Trachydiacrodium Trachyhystrichosphaera Trachysphaeridium Trematosphaeridium Trigonopyxidia Trigonopyxis Variomargosphaeridium Vavososphaeridium Veryhachium Wilsonastrum Zonooidium Zonosphaeridium
Distribution:
• Quaternary of North Pacific (5 collections), South Pacific (1), Southern Ocean (15)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Southern Ocean (2)
• Pliocene of Southern Ocean (20)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Southern Ocean (2)
• Miocene of Azerbaijan (2), South Pacific (2), Southern Ocean (50), United States (1: Maryland)
• Oligocene of Argentina (1), Azerbaijan (3), Denmark (2), South Pacific (3), Southern Ocean (4)
• Eocene to Oligocene of Chile (1)
• Eocene of Antarctica (1), Myanmar (5), South Pacific (15), United States (1: Alaska)
• Paleocene to Eocene of South Pacific (1)
• Paleocene of Argentina (16), South Pacific (4), United States (4: Missouri)
• Cretaceous to Paleogene of South Pacific (2)
• Cretaceous of Antarctica (9), Argentina (20), Brazil (1), Canada (3: Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan), Chile (4), Cote D'Ivoire (3), Egypt (4), India (2), Israel (7), Mexico (1), Pakistan (1), Portugal (5), the Russian Federation (1), Senegal (1), South Pacific (7), South Sudan (1), the United Kingdom (1)
• Jurassic to Cretaceous of India (1)
• Jurassic of Argentina (1), France (1), India (2), the Russian Federation (9), the United Kingdom (1)
• Triassic to Jurassic of the United Kingdom (1)
• Triassic of Antarctica (1), Canada (1: Alberta), Greenland (1), Hungary (19), Ireland (2), Israel (36), Madagascar (1), the Netherlands (3), Norway (18), Poland (2), Türkiye (1)
• Rotliegendes of Norway (12)
• Permian of Canada (3: Alberta, Nunavut), Germany (5), Greenland (1), India (1), Ireland (10), Norway (11), Poland (16)
• Devonian of Canada (2: Nunavut), China (1), Czechia (1), Saudi Arabia (1), United States (2: Ohio, Wyoming)
• Silurian of Canada (2: Nunavut, Québec), China (1), Ireland (1), Norway (4), the Russian Federation (13), Ukraine (1), the United Kingdom (3), United States (1: Florida)
• Arenig of Spain (1)
• Ordovician of Canada (3: Quebec, Québec), China (1), the Russian Federation (10), Serbia (1), Spain (3), Sweden (1), the United Kingdom (2), United States (1: Oklahoma)
• Cambrian of Canada (1: Alberta), China (5), Czechia (1), Finland (1), Greenland (2), Mongolia (1), Norway (3), the Russian Federation (5), Spain (1)
• Amgan of the Russian Federation (1)
• Wonokan of Argentina (2)
• Ediacaran of Brazil (3), Canada (1: Newfoundland and Labrador), China (1), Estonia (2), Mongolia (1), Namibia (1), Norway (13), the Russian Federation (8)
• Vendian of the Russian Federation (9)
• Cryogenian of the Russian Federation (2)
• Neoproterozoic of India (1), Norway (4)
• Tonian of Australia (14), Canada (10: Northwest Territories, Yukon), the Congo-Kinshasa (3), India (1), the Russian Federation (1), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (2), Sweden (1), United States (7: Arizona)
• Stenian of Canada (2: Nunavut)
• Mesoproterozoic of India (1)
• Calymmian of United States (3: Montana)
• Statherian of Australia (1), China (4), India (1)
• Orosirian of Gabon (1)
Total: 571 collections including 1175 occurrences