Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae
Named first by C. R. Crumly in his 1984 thesis
Full reference: I. R. Swingland and M. W. Klemens. 1989. The Conservation Biology of Tortoises.
Parent taxon: Testudinidae according to I. Pappa et al. 2023
See also Swingland and Klemens 1989, Vlachos 2021 and Vlachos et al. 2022
Sister taxa: Achilemys, Aldabrachelys, Anhuichelys, Astrochelys, Barnesia, Cachuga, Caryoderma, Cautleya, Chelys patagonica, Cylindraspis, Damonia, Emys sombrerensis, Eochersina, Eochersis, Floridemys, Fontainechelon, Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) equicomes, Geocheloninae, Gopherinae, Gopherus, Gopherus praecedens, Homopus, Juvemys, Kansuchelys, Malacochersus, Manouria, Megalochelys, Miotestudo, Nicoria, Palaeoemys, Pelorochelon, Platysterninae, Protestudo, Psammobates, Pyxis, Sinohadrianus, Solitudo, Stylemys calaverensis, Testudininae, Testudininei, Testudinites sellovii, Testudo annae, Testudo atascosae, Testudo castrensis, Testudo cultrata, Testudo exornata, Testudo formosa, Testudo francisi, Testudo hayi, Testudo klettiana, Testudo laticaudata, Testudo louisekressmani, Testudo luciae, Testudo ocalana, Testudo paranensis, Testudo peragrans, Testudo quadratus, Testudo semenensis, Testudo undata, Xerobatinae
Subtaxa: Chelonoidis Titanochelon
Ecology: ground dwelling herbivore-herbivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Argentina (10 collections), the Bahamas (5), Bolivia (1), Brazil (8), Cape Verde (1), Colombia (1), Cuba (5), the Dominican Republic (9), Ecuador (1), Greece (1), Paraguay (1), Peru (1), Puerto Rico (3), Spain (1), Turks and Caicos Islands (2)
• Pliocene of Argentina (8), Bulgaria (1), France (3), Greece (5), Spain (2), Venezuela (1)
• Huayquerian of Brazil (1)
• Miocene of Argentina (79), Bolivia (1), Brazil (2), Colombia (4), the Czech Republic (1), France (1), Germany (3), Greece (15), Portugal (5), Spain (27), Switzerland (2), Turkey (5)
• Deseadan of Bolivia (1)
Total: 217 collections including 222 occurrences