Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae
Parent taxon: Testudinidae according to R. E. Weems 2023
Sister taxa: Achilemys, Aldabrachelys, Anhuichelys, Astrochelys, Barnesia, Cachuga, Caryoderma, Cautleya, Chelys patagonica, Cylindraspis, Damonia, Emys sombrerensis, Eochersina, Eochersis, Floridemys, Fontainechelon, Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) equicomes, Geocheloninae, Geochelonini, Gopherinae, Gopherus, Gopherus praecedens, Homopus, Juvemys, Kansuchelys, Malacochersus, Manouria, Megalochelys, Miotestudo, Nicoria, Palaeoemys, Pelorochelon, Platysterninae, Protestudo, Psammobates, Pyxis, Sinohadrianus, Solitudo, Stylemys calaverensis, Testudininae, Testudininei, Testudinites sellovii, Testudo annae, Testudo atascosae, Testudo castrensis, Testudo cultrata, Testudo exornata, Testudo formosa, Testudo francisi, Testudo hayi, Testudo klettiana, Testudo laticaudata, Testudo louisekressmani, Testudo luciae, Testudo ocalana, Testudo paranensis, Testudo peragrans, Testudo quadratus, Testudo semenensis, Testudo undata
Subtaxa: Hesperotestudo
Ecology: ground dwelling herbivore-herbivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Bermuda (1 collection), Mexico (1), United States (32: California, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, New Mexico, South Carolina, Texas)
• Blancan of El Salvador (1), Mexico (1), United States (10: Arizona, Florida, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Texas)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of United States (2: California, Nebraska)
• Pliocene of United States (3: California, Kansas, Texas)
• Hemphillian of United States (9: Florida, Indiana, Montana, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas)
• Miocene to Pliocene of United States (7: California, Kansas, Oklahoma)
• Miocene to Pleistocene of United States (1: Texas)
• Miocene of Canada (1: Yukon), United States (28: California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Kansas, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas)
• Harrisonian of United States (2: Nebraska)
• Arikareean of United States (1: South Dakota)
• Oligocene of United States (2: South Dakota, Virginia)
• Eocene of United States (2: Utah)
Total: 104 collections including 111 occurrences