Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae
Parent taxon: Testudininae according to A. Perez-Garcia et al. 2022
See also Vlachos 2021
Sister taxa: Agrionemys, Centrochelys, Cheirogaster, Chersina, Ergilemys, Geochelona, Geochelone, Geoemydinei, Gigantochersina, Impregnochelys, Indotestudo, Kinixys, Mesochersus, Namibchersus, Paleotestudo, Stigmochelys, Stylemys
Subtaxa: Acinixys Chersine Testudo
Ecology: ground dwelling herbivore-herbivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Bulgaria (1 collection), China (2), the Congo-Kinshasa (1), Croatia (1), France (8), Georgia (1), Greece (22), Hungary (1), Indonesia (2), Israel (5), Italy (9), Malta (2), Mauritius (1), Morocco (4), Portugal (1), South Africa (2), Spain (29), Sudan (2), United States (4: Florida, Texas)
• Villafranchian of Hungary (2)
• Blancan of Mexico (1), United States (1: California)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of France (1), Greece (2), Italy (1), Pakistan (1), South Africa (3)
• Pliocene of China (1), France (3), Greece (8), Hungary (1), Italy (2), Japan (1), Moldova (2), Morocco (3), Poland (2), South Africa (1), Spain (1), Türkiye (3), Ukraine (1)
• MN 13 of Türkiye (1)
• Turolian of Bulgaria (4), China (3), France (2), Greece (3)
• Hemphillian of United States (1: Kansas)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Greece (3), South Africa (1)
• Miocene of Austria (6), Bulgaria (1), China (10), Czechia (5), France (20), Germany (41), Greece (9), Hungary (1), Italy (7), Kazakhstan (1), Kenya (1), Lebanon (1), Moldova (1), Poland (1), Romania (1), Serbia (1), Slovakia (2), Spain (6), Switzerland (3), Türkiye (12), Ukraine (3), United States (3: Nebraska, Texas)
• Neogene of Kenya (1)
• Oligocene to Miocene of Costa Rica (1), France (1)
• Oligocene of China (1), France (6), Georgia (1), Germany (1), Kazakhstan (1)
• Eocene to Miocene of France (1)
• Eocene of Belgium (1), China (3), France (1), Mongolia (1), United States (2: California, South Dakota)
Total: 315 collections including 339 occurrences