Reptilia - Squamata - Colubridae
Parent taxon: Colubridae according to O. W. M. Kuhn 1966
See also Cernansky et al. 2015, Parmley and Holman 1995, Parmley and Hunter 2010, Underwood 1967 and Venczel and Stiuca 2008
Sister taxa: Abastor, Aglypha, Alsophis, Apostolepis, Bascanium, Carphophis, Cemophora, Chilomeniscus, Chionactis, Coluber owenii, Colubrinae, Coniophanes, Contia, Cyclophis, Dakotaophis, Dendrelaphis, Dipsadinae, Dromicus, Dryinoides, Drymarchon, Eutaenia, Farancia, Gyalopion, Haldea, Helicops, Hierophis, Hispanophis, Homalopsinae, Hypsiglena, Leioheterodon, Lodia, Lycodon, Malpolon, Mionatrix, Naja sauvagei, Ophibolus, Opisthoglypha, Osceola, Palaelaphis, Palaeomalpolon, Palaeonatrix, Paleofarancia, Pantherophis, Paraoxybelis, Phimothyra, Pollackophis, Proteroglypha, Pseudoboa, Pseudocemophora, Pylmophis, Rhinechis, Rhinocheilus, Scaptophis, Sibon, Sonora, Spilotes, Storeria, Tachyophis, Tantilla, Thamnophis, Tretanorhinus, Trimorphodon, Tropidoclonium, Tropidonotus, Xenodontinae, Zamenis
Subtaxa: Clonophis Micronatrix Neonatrix Nerodia Paleonatrix Regina Rhabdophis Seminatrix Tropidoclonion Virginia
Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of the Bahamas (1 collection), China (2), Greece (1), the Netherlands (1), United States (44: Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Maryland, Missouri, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)
• Blancan of United States (11: Arizona, Florida, Kansas, Nebraska)
• Pliocene of China (1), Greece (1), Hungary (1), Poland (2), Turkey (1), Ukraine (2)
• Hemphillian of United States (5: Florida, Indiana, Nebraska, Tennessee)
• Miocene of Austria (3), the Czech Republic (3), France (5), Germany (10), Greece (5), Italy (2), Mongolia (1), Namibia (1), the Russian Federation (1), Slovakia (2), Spain (1), Thailand (1), Turkey (1), Ukraine (1), United States (20: Florida, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming)
• Oligocene of France (1)
Total: 131 collections including 176 occurrences