Reptilia - Squamata - Colubridae
Full reference: M. Oppel. 1811. Die Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen der Reptilien als Prodom einer Naturgeschichte Derselben. Joseph Lindauer, München xii-86
Parent taxon: Serpentes according to F. de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2020
See also Böhme 2008, Carroll 1988, Cernansky et al. 2015, Cirilli et al. 2016, Cope 1871, Cope 1875, Fernicola and Albino 2012, Frank and Ramus 1996, Gadow 1898, Hay 1902, Hay 1930, Hugues-Alexandre et al. 2013, Ikeda et al. 2016, Kuhn 1946, Kuhn 1966, Oppel 1811, Perrier 1928, Rage 1984, Smith 2013, Szyndlar 1987, Venczel and Stiuca 2008, Villa et al. 2020 and Zittel 1890
Sister taxa: Alethinophidia, Botrophis, Cheilophis, Cholophidia, Coluber steinheimensis, Coniophis, Coniophis cosgriffi, Coniophis dabiebus, Coniophis precedens, Diablophis, Dinilysia, Dinilysiidae, Dipsadidae, Eophis, Goinophis, Hoffstetterella, Hoffstetterella brasiliensis, Hoplocephalus, Lunaophis, Madtsoiidae, Natricidae, Ophidion, Ophidioniscus, Ophidium, Ophidium, Palaeophiidae, Portugalophis, Pseudonaja, Pythonoidea, Scolecophidia, Tomodon, Xiaophis
Subtaxa: Abastor Aglypha Alsophis Apostolepis Bascanium Carphophis Cemophora Chilomeniscus Chionactis Coluber owenii Colubrinae Coniophanes Contia Cyclophis Dakotaophis Dendrelaphis Dipsadinae Dromicus Dryinoides Drymarchon Eutaenia Farancia Gyalopion Haldea Helicops Hierophis Hispanophis Homalopsinae Hypsiglena Leioheterodon Lodia Lycodon Malpolon Mionatrix Naja sauvagei Natricinae Ophibolus Opisthoglypha Osceola Palaelaphis Palaeomalpolon Palaeonatrix Paleofarancia Pantherophis Paraoxybelis Phimothyra Pollackophis Proteroglypha Pseudoboa Pseudocemophora Pylmophis Rhinechis Rhinocheilus Scaptophis Sibon Sonora Spilotes Storeria Tachyophis Tantilla Thamnophis Tretanorhinus Trimorphodon Tropidoclonium Tropidonotus Xenodontinae Zamenis
Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore