†phylum Sphenophyta
Parent taxon: Embryophyta according to E. Taylor et al. 2008
Sister taxa: Acylomurus, Antherocerotophyta, Anthocerotophyta, Apiculiretusispora, Bryophyta, Concavissimisporites, Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, Diatomozonotriletes, Divisisporites, Gigantopteridales, Ginkgophyta, Hermanophytales, Iraniales, Lusatisporis, Lycophyta, Marchantiophyta, Progymnospermophyta, Protosalvinia, Pteridospermophyta, Tracheophyta, Zosterophyllophyta
Subtaxa: Apocalamitaceae Equisetinae Neocalamostachys Sphenopsida
Ecology: "photoautotroph"