Parent taxon: Embryophyta according to E. Taylor et al. 2008
Sister taxa: Acylomurus, Antherocerotophyta, Anthocerotophyta, Apiculiretusispora, Bryophyta, Concavissimisporites, Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, Diatomozonotriletes, Divisisporites, Gigantopteridales, Ginkgophyta, Hermanophytales, Iraniales, Lusatisporis, Marchantiophyta, Progymnospermophyta, Protosalvinia, Pteridospermophyta, Sphenophyta, Tracheophyta, Zosterophyllophyta
Subtaxa: Acanthotriletes Annalepis Bacutriletes Carinostrobus Drepanophycales Erlansonisporites Ferganodendron Guycampbellia Horstisporites Hughesisporites Lepidocarpaceae Lepidodendrales Pleuromeiales Pleuromeiopsis Protolepidodendrales Protolepidodendron Pseudolepidodendropsis Sigillariaceae Wexfordia
Ecology: "photoautotroph"