Parent taxon: Embryophyta according to E. Taylor et al. 2008
Sister taxa: Acylomurus, Antherocerotophyta, Anthocerotophyta, Apiculiretusispora, Bryophyta, Concavissimisporites, Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, Diatomozonotriletes, Divisisporites, Gigantopteridales, Hermanophytales, Iraniales, Lusatisporis, Lycophyta, Marchantiophyta, Progymnospermophyta, Protosalvinia, Pteridospermophyta, Sphenophyta, Tracheophyta, Zosterophyllophyta
Subtaxa: Adiantophyllum Biarmobaiera Culgoweria Dicranophyllum Furcifolium Ginkganthus Ginkgoites Ginkgoopsida Ginkgophyllum Ginkgophyton Ginkgophyton Ginkgopsis Glossopteropsis Glottophyllum Hildesheimia Idelopteris Jeanpaulia Kirkoria Phylladodesme Psygmophyllum Rhipidopsis Sidhiphyllites Staphidiophora Stephanophyllum Zonarides
Ecology: "photoautotroph"