Parent taxon: Embryophyta according to E. Taylor et al. 2008
Sister taxa: Acylomurus, Antherocerotophyta, Anthocerotophyta, Apiculiretusispora, Bryophyta, Concavissimisporites, Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, Diatomozonotriletes, Divisisporites, Gigantopteridales, Ginkgophyta, Hermanophytales, Iraniales, Lusatisporis, Lycophyta, Marchantiophyta, Progymnospermophyta, Protosalvinia, Sphenophyta, Tracheophyta, Zosterophyllophyta
Subtaxa: Albertlongia Angaropteris Bardia Bilignea Boulaya Brongniartites Buteoxylonales Calathiops Calathospermum Calymmatotheca Camptosperma Canipa Cephalopteris Chapelia Coseleya Crossotheca Dictyoxylon Dimeripteris Diplotheca Diplothmema Dolichosperma Eccroutosperma Eltovaria Emplectopteris Eurystoma Geminitheca Genomosperma Gimmia Girtya Glossophyllaceae Gnetopsis Heterangium Heterotheca Hoegia Hydrasperma Hymenotheca Ilfeldia Jongmansis Kegelidium Kurtziana Lacoea Lagenospermum Lagenostoma Lithangium Lyginorachis Megaloxylon Microspermopteris Nudospermum Nystroemia Ootheca Paracalathiops Paragonorrachis Perezlaria Periastron Physostoma Pteridozamites Rhetinangium Rotodontiospermum Runcaria Salpingostoma Schopfiastrum Simplotheca Spermolithus Spermopteris Sphaerostoma Sphenoxylon Stamnostoma Staphylotheca Stenokoleos Syncrama Tantallosperma Telangium Tetrastichia Tristichia Tyliosperma Unguitheca Utkalia Yakia Zimmermannitheca
Ecology: "photoautotroph"
Distribution:
• Eocene of Myanmar (1 collection)
• Cretaceous of Argentina (11)
• Jurassic of Antarctica (1), Argentina (1), Mexico (2), the United Kingdom (1)
• Triassic of Argentina (4), Australia (2), Chile (1), Hungary (1), Kyrgyzstan (1), the Russian Federation (1), South Africa (12), Switzerland (1)
• Rotliegendes of United States (1: Kansas)
• Permian of Austria (1), China (29), Czechia (2), India (3), North Korea (1), Portugal (1), the Russian Federation (2), South Korea (2), United States (7: Arizona, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah)
• Namurian of Czechia (1), Germany (1), Spain (1), Türkiye (1)
• Carboniferous of Belgium (1), Brazil (1), Canada (18: New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia), France (2), Germany (3), Ireland (1), the Netherlands (2), Peru (1), Portugal (1), Spain (1), the United Kingdom (46), United States (53: Alabama, Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Utah, Virginia)
• Givetian of the United Kingdom (1)
• Devonian to Carboniferous of Ireland (1)
• Devonian of Belgium (3), Norway (1), United States (10: Indiana, Kentucky, New York, Pennsylvania)
Total: 239 collections including 459 occurrences