Chondrichthyes - Rajiformes - Rajidae
Alternative spelling: Raiidae
Parent taxon: Rajiformes according to R. van der Laan 2019
See also Bendix-Almgreen 1983, Cahuzac et al. 2007, Cappetta 1980, Cappetta 1987, Casier 1966, Cicimurri and Knight 2009, Cicimurri et al. 2022, Dartevelle and Casier 1943, Eastman 1904, Hay 1902, Jonet 1968, Jordan 1963, Kent 2018, Landau et al. 2025, Leriche 1942, Maisch IV et al. 2025, Nelson et al. 2016, Owen 1859, Purdy et al. 2001, Thurmond and Jones 1981, Underwood 2006, Villafaña et al. 2020 and Woodward 1889
Sister taxa: Anacanthobatidae, Antiquaobatis, Archingeayia, Arhynchobatidae, Crurirajidae, Cyclobatidae, Duwibatis, Dynatobatis, Engolismaia, Erguitaia, Erythrobatis, Gurgesiellidae, Hamrabatis, Hypsobatidae, Kiestus, Oncobatis, Ostarriraja, Parapalaeobatidae, Phosphatobatis, Pristoidei, Rajoidei, Rhina, Rhinobatoidei, Safagaia, Sclerorhynchoidei, Sechmetia, Squatirhina, Tanoutia, Tomewingia, Torpedinoidea, Urobatis
Subtaxa: Actinobatis Amblyraja Batis Beringraja Cephaleutherus Dactylobatus Dipturus Hieroptera Laeviraja Leucoraja Malacorhina Marambioraja Mesetaraja Nebriimimus Oligoraja Pararaja Platopterus Propterygia Raja Rajinae Rostroraja Smithraja Uraptera Walteraja
Ecology: nektobenthic carnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Chile (2 collections), Japan (1), the United Kingdom (2), United States (14: California, Oregon, Virginia)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Italy (1)
• Pliocene of Argentina (2), Chile (1), Italy (2), the Netherlands (2), Spain (10), United States (10: California, North Carolina, South Carolina)
• Miocene to Pliocene of United States (1: Florida)
• Miocene of Argentina (2), Austria (2), Belgium (6), Chile (3), Costa Rica (1), Czechia (2), Denmark (1), France (9), Germany (5), India (2), Japan (2), Madagascar (1), Malta (1), the Netherlands (3), Panama (1), Poland (1), Portugal (7), Slovakia (1), South Africa (1), Spain (1), United States (7: California, Virginia)
• Oligocene of Belgium (34), Germany (5), Poland (1), United States (3: South Carolina)
• Eocene of Antarctica (4), France (9), Germany (1), the Netherlands (4), Ukraine (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (4: Alabama, Georgia, Oregon, Texas)
• Paleocene of Angola (1), Niger (1)
• Cretaceous of Germany (1), India (1), Lebanon (4), Sweden (4), Trinidad and Tobago (1), United States (9: Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Maryland, North Carolina, North Dakota, Texas, Wyoming)
• Triassic of Germany (1)
Total: 197 collections including 247 occurrences