Parent taxon: Polycystina according to P. Noble et al. 2017
See also De Wever et al. 2001
Sister taxa: Actinommacea, Albaillellaria, Archaeospicularia, Entactinaria, Nassellaria, Protobiramus
Subtaxa: Cauletellidae Gustefana Latentifistulidae Ormistonellidae Palaeoellipsoides Pseudolitheliidae Ruzhencevispongidae Tetraspongentactinia Tetratormentidae
Ecology: passively mobile planktonic omnivore
Distribution:
• Triassic of China (3 collections), Japan (2), New Zealand (7)
• Permian to Jurassic of Canada (1: British Columbia)
• Permian of China (124), Italy (1), Japan (94), Malaysia (3), the Russian Federation (2), Thailand (30), United States (12: Alaska, Oregon, Texas)
• Carboniferous of Germany (5), Mexico (3), United States (14: Alaska)
Total: 301 collections including 1556 occurrences