Parent taxon: Spumellaria according to P. De Wever et al. 2001
See also Zügel 1997
Sister taxa: Acaeniotylidae, Acanthopyle, Adiyamanium, Allocyrtium, Amphicyclia, Amphisphaera, Amphistylus, Anakrusidae, Angulobracchiidae, Antygoporidae, Archaeospongoprunidae, Artiscus, Aspiculumidae, Astractura, Astrococcus, Astrocyclia, Astromma, Astrosestrum, Astrosphaeridae, Beatricea, Bernoulliidae, Bipylospongia, Bolenidae, Callosphaera, Caltrop, Cannartidium, Cannartiscus, Cannartus, Capnuchosphaeridae, Caspiaza, Caucasicus, Cavaspongiidae, Cenodiscaella, Cenolarcopyle, Coccodiscidae, Coccolarcus, Conocaryommidae, Conosphaera, Cromyodruppocarpus, Cromyostaurolonche, Cryptolarancium, Cubotholonium, Cyrtiphaeronemium, Dactyliosphaeridae, Devoniglansus, Dicoccura, Dictyastrum, Didactylum, Diplactura, Distriactis, Domuzdagiidae, Doryconthidium, Dorydictyum, Dorydiscus, Dorydruppa, Dorylonchidium, Doryphacus, Doryplegma, Dorysphaera, Druppastylus, Druppocarpus, Druppula, Echinomma, Ellipsidium, Ellipsostylus, Emiluviidae, Entactiniacae, Entapiidae, Fontinella, Foremanella, Formanhelena, Franklinia, Futobari, Glomeropyle, Hagiastridae, Halidictyum, Haliomma, Haplopolus, Haplotaeniatumidae, Heliocladus, Heliodiscidae, Heliosoma, Heterosestrum, Hexacladus, Hexacromyum, Hexadoras, Hexaloncharium, Hexaporobrachiidae, Hexapylomellidae, Hexastylarium, Hymenactura, Kalimnasphaera, Kreyzstella, Labyrinthia, Lampasa, Larcidium, Larnacalpis, Larnacantha, Larnacillidae, Liosphaera, Lithapium, Lithatractus, Melittosphaera, Mendacastridae, Miropylidae, Natraglia, Ommatocampe, Ommatodiscus, Ommatospyris, Orbiculopylorum, Orosphaeridae, Orostaurs, Palaeotetraphyle, Pantanelliidae, Parabeothuka, Parasaturnalidae, Paratriassoastridae, Paratriassoastrum, Parvivaccidae, Patulibracchiidae, Pentactinocapus, Pentactura, Pentalastrum, Pentasphaera, Phacotriactis, Phantum, Phorticum, Phyletripes, Pipetta, Pipettaria, Plegmosphaera, Plussatispila, Praeconocaryommidae, Primaritripus, Prunocarpus, Pseudoacanthocircidae, Pseudoacanthosphaera, Pseudoaulophacidae, Pseudosaturnalis, Pyloniidae, Pyramispongiidae, Quasibeothuka, Rhodosphaera, Rhopalodictyum, Saturnaliacea, Schizodiscus, Sethodiscinus, Sethostaurus, Spironium, Spongasteriscus, Spongiomma, Spongoacanthus, Spongobrachium, Spongocoelia, Spongodiscacea, Spongodiscidae, Spongolonche, Spongopalliidae, Spongophacus, Spongosphaeradiscus, Sponguracea, Sponguridae, Srakaeosphaera, Stauracontium, Staurancistra, Staurococcura, Staurocromyum, Staurocyclia, Staurodictya, Staurodoras, Stauroplegma, Staurostylus, Stomatodiscus, Streblacantha, Stylosphaeridae, Stylostaurus, Styptosphaera, Suttoniidae, Tauridastrum, Tetrapylonium, Tetrarectangulum, Tetrasphaera, Tetriastrum, Thalassicola, Theodiscus, Tholomura, Tholoniidae, Tipperella, Trigonocyclia, Triplococcus, Tripodictya, Tritrabidae, Trochodiscus, Veghicycliidae, Vinassaspongus, Vitorfidae, Xiphodictya, Xiphostaurus, Zadrappolus, Zhuangodiscus, Zonodiscus
Subtaxa: Catenopylidae Orbiculiformidae Patruliidae
Ecology: passively mobile planktonic omnivore
Distribution:
• Paleocene of New Zealand (16 collections)
• Cretaceous of Antarctica (1), Australia (1), Austria (3), Azerbaijan (1), Canada (7: Nunavut), the Czech Republic (1), Denmark (25), Germany (2), Japan (18), Malaysia (4), New Zealand (8), Oman (9), the Philippines (1), Poland (3), the Russian Federation (15), Trinidad and Tobago (2), Turkey (1), United States (15: California)
• Jurassic to Cretaceous of Austria (2), Germany (1)
• Jurassic of Antarctica (16), Argentina (2), Austria (8), Canada (28: British Columbia), Germany (9), Hungary (1), Indonesia (2), Italy (6), Japan (28), Mexico (8), New Zealand (5), Oman (3), Peru (1), the Philippines (2), the Russian Federation (4), Slovakia (3), Slovenia (5), Spain (3), Switzerland (3), Turkey (9), United States (21: Alaska, California, Oregon)
• Triassic of Austria (1), Canada (13: British Columbia), Cyprus (3), Mexico (5), Nicaragua (1), Turkey (45)
• Permian of China (4), Japan (4), Thailand (12)
Total: 391 collections including 685 occurrences