Polycystinea - Spumellaria - Patulibracchiidae
Parent taxon: Spumellaria according to E. A. Pessagno and D. M. Hull 2002
Sister taxa: Acaeniotylidae, Acanthopyle, Adiyamanium, Allocyrtium, Amphicyclia, Amphisphaera, Amphistylus, Anakrusidae, Angulobracchiidae, Antygoporidae, Archaeospongoprunidae, Artiscus, Aspiculumidae, Astractura, Astrococcus, Astrocyclia, Astromma, Astrosestrum, Astrosphaeridae, Beatricea, Bernoulliidae, Bipylospongia, Bolenidae, Callosphaera, Caltrop, Cannartidium, Cannartiscus, Cannartus, Capnuchosphaeridae, Caspiaza, Caucasicus, Cavaspongiidae, Cenodiscaella, Cenolarcopyle, Coccodiscidae, Coccolarcus, Conocaryommidae, Conosphaera, Cromyodruppocarpus, Cromyostaurolonche, Cryptolarancium, Cubotholonium, Cyrtiphaeronemium, Dactyliosphaeridae, Devoniglansus, Dicoccura, Dictyastrum, Didactylum, Diplactura, Distriactis, Domuzdagiidae, Doryconthidium, Dorydictyum, Dorydiscus, Dorydruppa, Dorylonchidium, Doryphacus, Doryplegma, Dorysphaera, Druppastylus, Druppocarpus, Druppula, Echinomma, Ellipsidium, Ellipsostylus, Emiluviidae, Entactiniacae, Entapiidae, Fontinella, Foremanella, Formanhelena, Franklinia, Futobari, Glomeropyle, Hagiastridae, Halidictyum, Haliomma, Haplopolus, Haplotaeniatumidae, Heliocladus, Heliodiscidae, Heliosoma, Heterosestrum, Hexacladus, Hexacromyum, Hexadoras, Hexaloncharium, Hexaporobrachiidae, Hexapylomellidae, Hexastylarium, Hymenactura, Kalimnasphaera, Kreyzstella, Labyrinthia, Lampasa, Larcidium, Larnacalpis, Larnacantha, Larnacillidae, Liosphaera, Lithapium, Lithatractus, Melittosphaera, Mendacastridae, Miropylidae, Natraglia, Ommatocampe, Ommatodiscus, Ommatospyris, Orbiculopylorum, Orosphaeridae, Orostaurs, Palaeotetraphyle, Pantanelliidae, Parabeothuka, Parasaturnalidae, Paratriassoastridae, Paratriassoastrum, Parvivaccidae, Pentactinocapus, Pentactura, Pentalastrum, Pentasphaera, Phacotriactis, Phantum, Phorticum, Phyletripes, Pipetta, Pipettaria, Plegmosphaera, Plussatispila, Praeconocaryommidae, Primaritripus, Prunocarpus, Pseudoacanthocircidae, Pseudoacanthosphaera, Pseudoaulophacidae, Pseudosaturnalis, Pyloniacea, Pyloniidae, Pyramispongiidae, Quasibeothuka, Rhodosphaera, Rhopalodictyum, Saturnaliacea, Schizodiscus, Sethodiscinus, Sethostaurus, Spironium, Spongasteriscus, Spongiomma, Spongoacanthus, Spongobrachium, Spongocoelia, Spongodiscacea, Spongodiscidae, Spongolonche, Spongopalliidae, Spongophacus, Spongosphaeradiscus, Sponguracea, Sponguridae, Srakaeosphaera, Stauracontium, Staurancistra, Staurococcura, Staurocromyum, Staurocyclia, Staurodictya, Staurodoras, Stauroplegma, Staurostylus, Stomatodiscus, Streblacantha, Stylosphaeridae, Stylostaurus, Styptosphaera, Suttoniidae, Tauridastrum, Tetrapylonium, Tetrarectangulum, Tetrasphaera, Tetriastrum, Thalassicola, Theodiscus, Tholomura, Tholoniidae, Tipperella, Trematodiscoidea, Trigonocyclia, Triplococcus, Tripodictya, Tritrabidae, Trochodiscus, Veghicycliidae, Vinassaspongus, Vitorfidae, Xiphodictya, Xiphostaurus, Zadrappolus, Zhuangodiscus, Zonodiscus
Subtaxa: Fluegelium Halesium Homoeoparonaella Patulibracchiinae Patulibracchium Pessagnobrachia Santonaella Triassocrucella Trimanicula
Distribution:
• Paleocene of New Zealand (14 collections)
• Cretaceous of Albania (3), Austria (10), Canada (2: Nunavut), Denmark (2), Germany (4), Greece (2), Italy (75), Japan (3), New Zealand (6), Oman (14), the Philippines (1), Poland (1), the Russian Federation (10), Slovakia (1), Türkiye (3), United States (5: California)
• Jurassic to Cretaceous of Austria (3), China (1), Germany (1)
• Jurassic of Antarctica (4), Argentina (1), Austria (19), Canada (25: British Columbia), Germany (3), Greece (1), Indonesia (1), Italy (21), Japan (8), Malaysia (1), Mexico (16), New Zealand (1), Oman (4), the Philippines (2), Romania (2), the Russian Federation (5), Slovakia (2), Spain (1), Switzerland (1), Türkiye (6), United States (11: California, Oregon)
• Triassic of Austria (1), Canada (20: British Columbia), China (2), Cyprus (1), the Philippines (1), Türkiye (14)
Total: 335 collections including 610 occurrences