Strophomenata - Strophomenida - Rafinesquinidae
Parent taxon: Strophomenoidea according to M. Liljeroth et al. 2017
See also Cocks 2010, Congreve et al. 2015, Hints and Harper 2015, Musteikis and Cocks 2004, Roomusoks 2004, Rubel 2011, Williams et al. 2000 and Zhan and Jin 2005
Sister taxa: Amphistrophiidae, Dicoelostrophiidae, Douvillinidae, Douvinella, Eopholidostrophiidae, Foliomenidae, Furcitellidae, Glyptomenidae, Idioglyptus, Leptaenoideidae, Leptodontellidae, Leptostrophiidae, Playfairia, Rhenostrophia, Shaleriidae, Strophomenidae, Strophomenidea, Strophonellidae, Syntrophodonta
Subtaxa: Crassitestella Kiaeromena Kjaerina Kjerulfina Leptaeninae Rafinesquininae Scamnomena
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Osagean of United States (4: Indiana, Montana, Utah collections)
• Carboniferous of Australia (50), Canada (7: Alberta, Yukon), China (1), Germany (2), Iran (2), Ireland (1), Mexico (1), the United Kingdom (33), United States (29: Arkansas, California, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, Montana, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah)
• Devonian to Carboniferous of the United Kingdom (2)
• Devonian of Afghanistan (4), Argentina (1), Australia (19), Canada (35: Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Yukon, Yukon Territory), China (18), Colombia (16), the Czech Republic (23), France (32), Germany (22), Italy (3), Kyrgyzstan (1), Libya (2), Mongolia (1), Morocco (4), Myanmar (2), Poland (5), the Russian Federation (11), Spain (10), Tajikistan (1), Turkey (1), Ukraine (6), United States (108: California, Colorado, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania), Venezuela (3), Vietnam (3)
• Silurian to Devonian of Argentina (1), Australia (1), United States (1: Oklahoma)
• Niagaran of Canada (3: Québec)
• Silurian of Afghanistan (1), Argentina (10), Australia (12), Belarus (5), Bolivia (1), Canada (100: New Brunswick, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Québec), China (16), the Czech Republic (25), Estonia (58), Greenland (3), Iran (1), Ireland (1), Kazakhstan (1), Latvia (3), Lithuania (46), Mexico (15), Mongolia (9), Norway (30), Poland (1), the Russian Federation (14), Spain (2), Sweden (70), Ukraine (2), the United Kingdom (136), United States (197: Arkansas, California, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, New York, Oklahoma, Tennessee, West Virginia, Wisconsin), Venezuela (3)
• Ordovician to Silurian of Canada (3: Québec), the Russian Federation (1)
• Ordovician of Argentina (1), Australia (5), Belarus (4), Belgium (12), Bolivia (2), Canada (159: British Columbia, Manitoba, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Northwest Terrorities, Nunavut, Nunvait, Ontario, Quebec, Québec), China (53), the Czech Republic (13), Estonia (196), France (7), Iran (5), Ireland (8), Italy (1), Kazakhstan (6), Latvia (29), Lithuania (23), Mongolia (2), Morocco (1), Myanmar (3), New Zealand (1), North Korea (1), Norway (50), Peru (1), Portugal (3), the Russian Federation (5), South Korea (1), Spain (17), Sweden (22), Turkey (1), the United Kingdom (219), United States (1182: Alaska, British Columbia, California, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania and Virginia, Tennessee, Virginia, Wisconsin), Venezuela (1)
• Llandeilo of China (4), Kazakhstan (1), the United Kingdom (7)
• Chazy of Canada (3: Quebec), United States (47: New York, Vermont)
• Whiterockian of United States (4: Nevada)
• Arenig of China (2)
Total: 3337 collections including 3919 occurrences