Parent taxon: Cephalopoda according to C. Teichert et al. 1964
Sister taxa: Actinoceratoidea, Akidocheilus, Ammonoidea, Anomalosaepiidae, Avramidiscus, Barrandeocerida, Belosaepia, Burronoceras, Coleoidea, Dartoceras, Davidiceras, Desmoceras, Didymoceras, Ectocochlia, Ellesmerocerida, Endoceratoidea, Endocycloceratidae, Erlangericheilus, Gonatocheilus, Hadrocheilus, Irianoceras, Lamellaptychus, Leptocheilus, Mesoteuthoidea, Multiceratoidea, Nautilia, Nautiloidea, Nautilus (Solenochilus), Ohioceratidae, Orthoceratoidea, Orthoceratoidea, Palaeoteuthis, Plectronoceratia, Plectronocerida, Rhyncholithes, Rhynchoteuthis, Robsonoceratidae, Scaptorrhynchus, Sichunoceras, Stemtonoceratidae, Tarphyceratia, Teratoceroides, Tetrabranchiata, Tillicheilus, Toxancyloceras, Werthenoceras, Yanhecerida
Subtaxa: Bactritida
Ecology: fast-moving nektonic carnivore
Distribution:
• Triassic of United States (1: California collection)
• Permian of East Timor (1), Greece (1), Greenland (1), Italy (2), Japan (1), Kazakhstan (12), Mexico (2), Oman (1), the Russian Federation (9), Tajikistan (4), United States (2: Idaho, Texas)
• Carboniferous to Permian of Japan (2)
• Carboniferous of Japan (1), Kazakhstan (1), United States (70: Arkansas, California, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas)
• Devonian of Australia (8), Canada (3: Nunavut, Ontario), the Czech Republic (8), France (2), Germany (14), Morocco (11), Poland (1), the Russian Federation (10), South Africa (1), United States (8: Maryland, Montana, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania), Vietnam (1), Western Sahara (1)
Total: 179 collections including 223 occurrences