Chondrichthyes - Myliobatiformes - Gymnuridae
Parent taxon: Myliobatiformes according to C. J. Underwood and J. Schlogl 2013
See also Cappetta 1984, Cappetta 1987, Cicimurri and Knight 2009, Ebersole et al. 2019, Kumar and Loyal 1987, Nelson et al. 2016, Tabuce et al. 2005 and Underwood 2006
Sister taxa: Acanthobatis, Bates, Ceratopteridae, Dasyatidae, Dasyatoidea, Eomanta, Hypolophodon, Mobuloidea, Myliobatidae, Myliobatoidea, Myliobatoidei, Phosphatodon, Platyrhinoidei, Ptychacanthus, Rhinopteridae, Texabatis, Urolophidae, Urotrygonidae
Subtaxa: Gymnura Jacquhermania Ouledia Pachygymnura Subathunura Urogymninae
Type: Gymnura
Ecology: nektobenthic carnivore
Distribution:
• Pliocene of Italy (1 collection)
• MN 13 of Portugal (2)
• Miocene of Austria (1), Malta (1), Mexico (1), Portugal (1), Slovakia (1), United States (1: California)
• Oligocene of Pakistan (2), United States (1: South Carolina)
• Eocene of Egypt (9), India (3), Jordan (1), Morocco (4), Senegal (2), Togo (1), Tunisia (1), Ukraine (1), the United Kingdom (4), United States (1: Alabama), Western Sahara (1)
• Paleocene to Eocene of India (1)
• Paleocene of Morocco (6)
• Cretaceous to Paleogene of Morocco (1)
• Cretaceous of Egypt (1)
Total: 49 collections including 64 occurrences