Chondrichthyes - Myliobatiformes - Gymnuridae
Parent taxon: Myliobatoidei according to R. van der Laan 2019
See also Cappetta 1984, Cappetta 1987, Cicimurri and Knight 2009, Ebersole et al. 2019, Kumar and Loyal 1987, Nelson et al. 2016, Tabuce et al. 2005, Underwood 2006 and Underwood and Schlogl 2013
Sister taxa: Aetobatidae, Aturobatis, Dasyatidae, Hexatrygonidae, Mobulidae, Myliobatidae, Plesiobatidae, Potamotrygonidae, Rhinopteridae, Rhombodontidae, Urolophidae, Urotrygonidae, Zanobatidae
Subtaxa: Gymnura Jacquhermania Ouledia Pachygymnura Subathunura Urogymninae
Type: Gymnura
Ecology: nektobenthic carnivore
Distribution:
• Pliocene of Italy (1 collection)
• MN 13 of Portugal (2)
• Miocene of Austria (1), Malta (1), Mexico (1), Portugal (1), Slovakia (1), United States (1: California)
• Oligocene of Pakistan (2), United States (1: South Carolina)
• Eocene of Belgium (1), Egypt (12), India (3), Jordan (1), Morocco (4), Senegal (2), Togo (1), Tunisia (1), Ukraine (1), the United Kingdom (7), United States (6: Alabama, South Carolina, Virginia), Western Sahara (1)
• Paleocene to Eocene of India (1)
• Paleocene of Morocco (6), Niger (1), United States (1: South Carolina)
• Cretaceous to Paleogene of Morocco (1)
• Cretaceous of Egypt (1)
Total: 63 collections including 81 occurrences