PBDB Taxon

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Phocadae (seal)

Mammalia - Carnivora - Phocadae

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Phoca maeotica was named by Nordmann (1860) [HMZ = Museum of Zoology, Helinki Finland (lectotype) Museum of Zoology, Helinki Finland (lectotype)]. Its type specimen is N1815, a limb element (femur), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Chisinau, which is in a Sarmatian marine horizon in Moldova.

It was recombined as Monatherium maeoticum by Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904) and Friant (1947); it was recombined as Monotherium maeoticum by Kellogg (1922), McLaren (1960) and Hendey (1972); it was recombined as Cryptophoca maeotica by Koretsky and Ray (1994), Koretsky (2001), Deméré et al. (2003), Koretsky and Barnes (2006), Koretsky and Domning (2014) and Berta et al. (2022); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Phoca sarmatica was named by Alekseev (1924). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Pontophoca sarmatica by McLaren (1960), Grigorescu (1977), Koretsky (2001), Deméré et al. (2003), Koretsky et al. (2014), Berta et al. (2015) and Berta et al. (2022); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Manatus maeoticus was named by Eichwald (1850).

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Phocidae by Domning (1996).
Phoca moori was named by Newton (1890). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Woodbridge, which is in a Pliocene terrestrial horizon in the Red Crag Formation of the United Kingdom.

It was recombined as Phoca (Phoca) moori by Trouessart (1898) and Friant (1947); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Phoca viennensis was named by Blainville (1864).

It was synonymized subjectively with Praepusa vindobonensis by Koretsky (2001).
Phoca holitschensis was named by Bruhl (1860) [Hungarian Natural History Museum]. Its type specimen is HNHM V.60.1734, a set of limb elements, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Holic, which is in a Sarmatian lagoonal/restricted shallow subtidal claystone/sandstone in the Holic Formation of Slovakia.

It was synonymized subjectively with Phoca viennensis by Kellogg (1922); it was recombined as Phoca (Phoca) holitchensis by Friant (1947); it was synonymized subjectively with Praepusa vindobonensis by Koretsky (2001).
Phoca viennensis antiqua was named by Blainville (1842).

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Praepusa vindobonensis by Koretsky (2001).
Phoca ambigua was named by Staring (1860). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Doberg bei Bünde, which is in a Chattian marine mixed carbonate-siliciclastic in the Doberg Formation of Germany.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Phocidae by Kellogg (1922).
Batavipusa was named by Koretsky and Peters (2008).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Phocinae by Koretsky and Peters (2008) and Berta (2017).
Batavipusa neerlandica was named by Koretsky and Peters (2008). Its type specimen is MAB 3798, a set of limb elements (humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Hoogdonk Sandpit, which is in a Tortonian marine sandstone in the Diessen Formation of the Netherlands.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Leptophoca amphiatlantica was named by Koretsky et al. (2012). Its type specimen is USNM 23227, a limb element (right femur), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Parker Creek, north, Zone 12, which is in a Langhian estuary/bay claystone in the Calvert Formation of Maryland.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Dewaele et al. (2017) and Rule and Park (2024).
Pachyphoca was named by Koretsky and Rahmat (2013).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Cystophorinae by Koretsky and Rahmat (2013); and to Cystophorini by Berta et al. (2018).
Pachyphoca ukrainica was named by Koretsky and Rahmat (2013). Its type specimen is NMNHU-P 64-701, a limb element (right humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Homutovo, which is in a Tortonian carbonate limestone in Ukraine.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Pachyphoca chapskii was named by Koretsky and Rahmat (2013). Its type specimen is NMNHU-P 64-706, a limb element (left femur), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Zheltokamenka, which is in a Serravallian carbonate limestone in Ukraine.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Pontophoca jutlandica was named by Koretsky et al. (2014). Its type specimen is MSM 1788, a limb element (partial right femur), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Gram Brick Works, which is in a Tortonian marine claystone in the Gram Formation of Denmark.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Gryphoca nordica was named by Koretsky et al. (2014). Its type specimen is MAB 4602, a limb element (partial right humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is De Kuilen, which is in a Zanclean coastal sandstone in the Netherlands.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Platyphoca danica was named by Koretsky et al. (2014). Its type specimen is GM1, a limb element (dial left humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Skaerum Molle, which is in a Tortonian marine claystone in the Gram Formation of Denmark.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Praepusa boeska was named by Koretsky et al. (2015) [collection of the Museum de Groene Poort, Boxtel (NL) Holotype locality is listed as "The Antwerp Basin, Belgium" Miocene?]. Its type specimen is MAB 4686, a limb element (right humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Terranectes was named by Rahmat et al. (2017).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Dewaele et al. (2018) and Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Monachinae by Rahmat et al. (2017).
Terranectes magnus was named by Rahmat et al. (2017). Its type specimen is CMM-V-4710, a limb element (proximal half of the le humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is PQ-BH9812, which is in a Miocene marine horizon in Virginia.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Dewaele et al. (2018) and Rule and Park (2024).
Terranectes parvus was named by Rahmat et al. (2017). Its type specimen is CMM-V-4709, a limb element (femur), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is PQ-BH9812, which is in a Miocene marine horizon in Virginia.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Dewaele et al. (2018) and Rule and Park (2024).
Auroraphoca was named by Dewaele et al. (2018).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Monachinae by Dewaele et al. (2018).
Auroraphoca atlantica was named by Dewaele et al. (2018). Its type specimen is USNM 181419, a limb element (incomplete left humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Lee Creek Mine, Yorktown Formation, which is in a Zanclean estuary/bay sandstone in the Yorktown Formation of North Carolina.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Virginiaphoca was named by Dewaele et al. (2018).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Monachinae by Dewaele et al. (2018).
Virginiaphoca magurai was named by Dewaele et al. (2018). Its type specimen is USNM 639750, a limb element (subcomplete left humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Nottaway River, which is in a Miocene/Zanclean marine horizon in the Eastover Formation of Virginia.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Callophoca was named by Van Beneden (1876) [Sepkoski's age data: T Plio].

It was reranked as Phoca (Callophoca) by Trouessart (1898) and Friant (1947); it was considered a nomen dubium by Berta et al. (2015); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Phocinae by Trouessart (1904); to Phoca by Trouessart (1898) and Friant (1947); to Phocidae by Palmer (1904), Kellogg (1922) and Carroll (1988); to Monachina by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Carnivora by Sepkoski (2002); to Monachini by Koretsky (2001), Koretsky and Grigorescu (2002) and Koretsky and Barnes (2008); to Miroungini by Muizon (1981), Fulton and Strobeck (2010) and Amson and Muizon (2013); and to Monachinae by Berta (2002), Koretsky and Holec (2002), Deméré et al. (2003), Koretsky and Ray (2008), Berta (2009), Berta (2017), Dewaele et al. (2018), Berta (2018), Berta et al. (2018) and Albright et al. (2019).
Gryphoca was named by Van Beneden (1876) [Sepkoski's age data: T Plio-u].

It was reranked as Halichoerus (Gryphoca) by Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904) and Friant (1947); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Halichoerus by Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904) and Friant (1947); to Phocidae by Palmer (1904), Kellogg (1922) and Carroll (1988); to Phocinina by Koretsky (2001); to Carnivora by Sepkoski (2002); to Phocini by McKenna and Bell (1997) and Koretsky and Barnes (2008); and to Phocinae by Muizon (1981), Muizon (1982), Deméré et al. (2003), Koretsky and Ray (2008), Koretsky et al. (2014) and Berta (2017).
Mesotaria was named by Van Beneden (1876) [Sepkoski's age data: T Plio-u].

It was synonymized subjectively with Callophoca by Ray (1977); it was considered a nomen dubium by Berta et al. (2015) and Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Phocidae by Palmer (1904) and Kellogg (1922); to Cystophorinae by Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904) and Friant (1947); to Carnivora by Sepkoski (2002); and to Monachina by McKenna and Bell (1997) and Koretsky and Ray (2008).
Palmidophoca was named by Ginsburg and Janvier (1975) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-m Sepkoski's reference number: 1066].

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Monachina by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Carnivora by Sepkoski (2002); to Phocidae by Ginsburg and Janvier (1975) and Koretsky and Domning (2014); and to Monachinae by Ginsburg and Janvier (1999) and Berta (2017).
Phocanella was named by Van Beneden (1876) [Sepkoski's age data: T Plio-u].

It was reranked as Phoca (Phocanella) by Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904), Friant (1944) and Friant (1947); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Phoca by Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904), Friant (1944) and Friant (1947); to Phocidae by Palmer (1904), Kellogg (1922), Ginsburg and Janvier (1975) and Carroll (1988); to Phocinina by Koretsky (2001); to Carnivora by Newton (1891) and Sepkoski (2002); to Phocini by McKenna and Bell (1997) and Koretsky and Barnes (2008); and to Phocinae by Ginsburg and Janvier (1971), Muizon (1981), Muizon (1982), Ginsburg and Janvier (1999), Berta (2002), Deméré et al. (2003), Koretsky and Ray (2008), Berta (2009), Berta (2017), Albright et al. (2019), Hafed et al. (2023) and Hafed et al. (2024).
Platyphoca was named by Van Beneden (1876) [Sepkoski's age data: T Plio-u].

It was reranked as Phoca (Platyphoca) by Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904) and Friant (1947); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Phoca by Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904) and Friant (1947); to Phocidae by Palmer (1904), Kellogg (1922) and Carroll (1988); to Phocini by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Carnivora by Sepkoski (2002); to Erignathini by Koretsky (2001) and Koretsky and Barnes (2008); and to Phocinae by Muizon (1981), Muizon (1982), Deméré et al. (2003), Koretsky and Ray (2008), Koretsky et al. (2014) and Berta (2017).
Pristiphoca was named by Gervais (1853) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-m Q Plei-l].

It was reranked as Monachus (Pristiphoca) by Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904) and Friant (1947); it was considered a nomen dubium by Koretsky and Ray (2008); it was considered a nomen nudum by Berta et al. (2015); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Monachus by Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904) and Friant (1947); to Phocidae by Depéret (1887), Depéret (1893), Palmer (1904), Kellogg (1922), Zittel (1925) and Ginsburg and Janvier (1975); to Monachini by Muizon (1981) and Muizon (1982); to Monachina by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Carnivora by Sepkoski (2002); and to Monachinae by Thenius (1950), Ginsburg and Janvier (1971), Hendey (1972), Deméré et al. (2003), Fulton and Strobeck (2010) and Berta (2017).
Prophoca was named by Van Beneden (1876) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-u].

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Phocidae by Palmer (1904), Kellogg (1922), Zittel (1925), Muizon (1981), Muizon (1982) and Carroll (1988); to Phocinina by Koretsky (2001); to Carnivora by Sepkoski (2002); to Monachinae by Fulton and Strobeck (2010); and to Phocinae by Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904), Friant (1947), McKenna and Bell (1997), Berta (2002), Berta (2009), Dewaele et al. (2017) and Berta (2017).
Frisiphoca was named by Dewaele et al. (2018).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Phocinae by Dewaele et al. (2018).
Pachyphoca volkodavi was named by Tarasenko (2022). Its type specimen is PIN 3462/46, a limb element (right humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Fortep'yanka 2, which is in a Sarmatian fluvial horizon in the Blinovskaya Formation of the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Seronectes was named by Hafed et al. (2024).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Monachinae by Hafed et al. (2024).
Seronectes meherrinensis was named by Hafed et al. (2024). Its type specimen is CMM-V-11237, a limb element (left-innominate bone, partially preserved), and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Paleophoca nystii was named by Van Beneden (1859). It is a 3D body fossil. It is the type species of Palaeophoca.

It was synonymized subjectively with Pristiphoca occitana by Trouessart (1898); it was recombined as Monachus (Pristiphoca) nysti by Trouessart (1904); it was considered a nomen dubium by Koretsky and Ray (2008); it was considered a nomen dubium by Berta et al. (2015) and Rule and Park (2024).
Palmidophoca callirhoe was named by Ginsburg and Janvier (1975). Its type specimen is Museum de Paris, FS 3160, a tooth, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Les Beilleaux, which is in a Langhian fluvial sandstone/claystone in France.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Mesotaria ambigua was named by Van Beneden (1876) [no type specimen listed by Van Beneden (1876). IRSNB 1156, Ct. M. 177 is the lectotype (Koretsky & Ray, 2008).]. Its type specimen is IRSNB 1156, Ct. M. 177, a limb element (left humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Wommelgem, which is in a Pliocene marine sandstone in Belgium.

It was recombined as Callophoca ambigua by Ray (1976) and Ray (1977); it was synonymized subjectively with Callophoca obscura by Koretsky (2001) and Dewaele et al. (2018); it was considered a nomen dubium by True (1909); it was considered a nomen dubium by Berta et al. (2015), Rule et al. (2020) and Rule and Park (2024).
Cryptophoca was named by Koretsky and Ray (1994).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Phocini by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Phocinina by Koretsky (2001); and to Phocinae by Koretsky and Ray (1994), Berta (2002), Deméré et al. (2003), Koretsky and Barnes (2006), Berta (2009) and Berta (2017).
Monachopsis was named by Kretzoi (1941) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-m Sepkoski's reference number: 1066]. Its type is Monachopsis pontica.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Monachina by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Phocinina by Koretsky (2001); to Carnivora by Sepkoski (2002); and to Phocinae by Koretsky (1991), Koretsky and Barnes (2006) and Berta (2017).
Callophoca obscura was named by Van Beneden (1876) [No type specimen listed by Van Beneden (1876). IRSNB 1198, Ct. M. 203 is the lectotype (Koretsky & Ray, 2008).]. Its type specimen is IRSNB 1198, Ct. M. 203, a limb element (right humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Sable Superieur d'Anvers, which is in a Zanclean offshore shelf sandstone in the Kattendijk Formation of Belgium.

It was recombined as Phoca (Callophoca) obscura by Trouessart (1898) and Friant (1947); it was considered a nomen dubium by Berta et al. (2015); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule et al. (2020); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Platyphoca vulgaris was named by Van Beneden (1876) [No type specimen number listed by Van Beneden (1876). IRSNB 1117 Ct. M 210 is the lectotypes (Koretsky & Ray, 2008).]. Its type specimen is IRSNB 1117 Ct. M. 210, a limb element (left humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Sable Superieur d'Anvers, which is in a Zanclean offshore shelf sandstone in the Kattendijk Formation of Belgium.

It was recombined as Phoca (Platyphoca) vulgaris by Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904) and Friant (1947); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Gryphoca similis was named by Van Beneden (1876) [No type specimen number listed by Van Beneden (1876). IRSNB 1081, Ct. M. 217 is designated as the lectotype by Koretsky & Ray (2008).]. Its type specimen is IRSNB 1081, Ct. M. 217, a limb element (left humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Wommelgem, which is in a Pliocene marine sandstone in Belgium.

It was recombined as Halichoerus (Gryphoca) similis by Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904) and Friant (1947); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Phocanella pumila was named by Van Beneden (1876) [No type specimen number listed by Van Beneden (1876). IRSNB 1080 Ct. M. 227 is the lectotype (Koretsky & Ray, 2008).]. Its type specimen is IRSNB 1080 Ct. M. 227, a limb element (right humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Sable Superieur d'Anvers, which is in a Zanclean offshore shelf sandstone in the Kattendijk Formation of Belgium.

It was recombined as Phoca (Phocanella) pumila by Trouessart (1898) and Friant (1947); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Phocanella minor was named by Van Beneden (1876) [No type specimen number listed by Van Beneden (1876). IRSNB 1101, Ct. M. 234 is the lectotype (Koretsky & Ray, 2008).]. Its type specimen is IRSNB 1101, Ct. M. 234, a limb element (right humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Sable Superieur d'Anvers, which is in a Zanclean offshore shelf sandstone in the Kattendijk Formation of Belgium.

It was recombined as Phoca (Phocanella) minor by Trouessart (1898) and Friant (1947); it was synonymized subjectively with Phocanella pumila by Koretsky (2001) and Koretsky and Ray (2008).
Monotherium delognii was named by Vanden Broeck (1874) [No type specimen number listed by Van Beneden (1876).]. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Sablesmoyens d'Anvers, which is in a Tortonian lagoonal sandstone in the Diest Formation of Belgium.

It was recombined as Monatherium delognii by Trouessart (1898) and Friant (1947); it was misspelled as Monatherium delognei by Trouessart (1904), Kellogg (1922), Ray (1976), Koretsky (2001) and Koretsky and Domning (2014); it was considered a nomen dubium by Berta et al. (2015); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Monotherium affine was named by Vanden Broeck (1874) [No type specimen number listed by Van Beneden (1876).]. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Sablesmoyens d'Anvers, which is in a Tortonian lagoonal sandstone in the Diest Formation of Belgium.

It was recombined as Monatherium affine by Trouessart (1898) and Friant (1947); it was synonymized subjectively with Monotherium delognii by Kellogg (1922); it was recombined as Frisiphoca affine by Dewaele et al. (2018) and Berta et al. (2022); it was misspelled as Monatherium affine by Trouessart (1904), Ray (1976), Koretsky (2001) and Koretsky and Domning (2014); it was considered a nomen dubium by Berta et al. (2015) and Rule and Park (2024).
Monotherium aberratum was named by Vanden Broeck (1874). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Sablesmoyens d'Anvers, which is in a Tortonian lagoonal sandstone in the Diest Formation of Belgium.

It was recombined as Monatherium aberratum by Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904) and Friant (1947); it was recombined as Frisiphoca aberratum by Dewaele et al. (2018) and Berta et al. (2022); it was considered a nomen dubium by Berta et al. (2015) and Rule and Park (2024).
Prophoca rousseaui was named by Van Beneden (1876) [No type specimen number listed by Van Beneden (1876).]. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Borsbeek, Fort 3, which is in a Tortonian lagoonal horizon in the Diest Formation of Belgium.

It was recombined as Monotherium rousseaui by Koretsky (2001); it was considered a nomen nudum by Berta et al. (2015); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Phoca occitana was named by Gervais and de Serres (1847). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Montpellier, which is in a Zanclean marine sandstone in the Sables à Gryphaea virleti Formation of France.

It was recombined as Pristiphoca occitana by Gervais (1853), Gervais (1853), Kellogg (1922) and Hendey (1972); it was recombined as Monachus (Pristiphoca) occitana by Trouessart (1898); it was recombined as Monachus (Pristiphoca) occitanicus by Friant (1947); it was considered a nomen dubium by Koretsky and Ray (2008); it was considered a nomen nudum by Berta et al. (2015) and Rule and Park (2024).
Monotherium maeotica was named by Koretsky (2001) [Koretsky (2001) attributes this name to Grigorescu, 1977 p. 407, but that is not the case.]. It is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cryptophoca maeotica by Koretsky (2001).
Phoca pontica was named by Eichwald (1850) [MPGI, Paleontological Museum of the Mining Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russia:this is a neotype designated by Koretsky (2001).]. Its type specimen is MPGI 17-113, a limb element (left humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. It is the type species of Monachopsis.

It was recombined as Phoca (Phoca) pontica by Trouessart (1898); it was recombined as Monachopsis pontica by Kretzoi (1941), Koretsky (1991), Koretsky (2001), Koretsky and Barnes (2006) and Berta et al. (2022); it was recombined as Monachus (Monachus) ponticus by Friant (1947); it was recombined as Phoca (Pusa) pontica by McLaren (1960); it was recombined as Pusa pontica by Scheffer (1967); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Praepusa magyaricus was named by Koretsky (2003) [GPDHGS = Geological and Paleontological Department of the Hungarian Geological Survey, Budapest, Hungary]. Its type specimen is GPDHGS 5394, a limb element (humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Sarmatonectes was named by Koretsky (2001).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Phocinina by Koretsky (2001); and to Phocinae by Koretsky and Barnes (2006).
Sarmatonectes sintsovi was named by Koretsky (2001) [PIN = Paleontological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Russia, Moscow]. Its type specimen is PIN 1713/140, a limb element (right femur), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Chisinau, which is in a Sarmatian marine horizon in Moldova.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Phoca vindobonensis was named by Toula (1897) [NHMW = Rijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie, Leiden, Netherlands. Lectotype.]. Its type specimen is NHMW no number, a skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Nussdorf, which is in a Sarmatian marine claystone in Austria.

It was recombined as Leptophoca vindobonensis by Ray (1977); it was recombined as Praepusa vindobonensis by Koretsky (1991), Koretsky (2001), Koretsky and Barnes (2006), Koretsky et al. (2015) and Berta et al. (2022); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Phoca bessarabica was named by Simonescu (1925).

It was recombined as Phoca (Phoca) bessarabica by Friant (1947); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Phocidae by Koretsky (2001); it was considered a nomen dubium by Rule and Park (2024).
Phoca novorossica was named by Alekseev (1924). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Phoca (Phoca) novorossica by Friant (1947); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Phocidae by Koretsky (2001).
Miophoca was named by Zapfe (1937).

It was reranked as Monachus (Miophoca) by Friant (1947); it was reranked as Pristiphoca (Miophoca) by Thenius (1950); it was considered a nomen dubium by Dewaele et al. (2017) and Rule and Park (2024).

It was assigned to Phocidae by Zapfe (1937); to Monachus by Friant (1947); to Pristiphoca by Thenius (1950); and to Cystophorinae by Koretsky (2001).
Miophoca vetusta was named by Zapfe (1937) [no type specimen number listed]. It is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Monachus (Miophoca) vetusta by Friant (1947); it was recombined as Pristiphoca (Miophoca) vetusta by Thenius (1950); it was recombined as Pristiphoca vetusta by Deméré et al. (2003); it was considered a nomen dubium by Dewaele et al. (2017) and Rule and Park (2024).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1821	Phocadae Gray p. 302
1825	Phocidae Gray p. 340
1842	Phoca viennensis antiqua Blainville
1847	Phoca occitana Gervais and de Serres p. 799
1849	Phocidae Bonaparte p. 618
1850	Phocidae Bonaparte p. 1
1850	Manatus maeoticus Eichwald
1850	Phoca pontica Eichwald p. 210
1852	Phoca occitana Gervais p. 140 figs. Plate VIII, Fig. 7
1853	Pristiphoca Gervais p. 309 figs. Plate VI, Fig. 4
1853	Pristiphoca occitana Gervais p. 309 figs. Plate VI, Fig. 4
1859	Paleophoca nystii Van Beneden pp. 255-258
1860	Phoca holitschensis Bruhl
1860	Phoca maeotica Nordmann pp. 320-321
1860	Phoca pontica Nordmann p. 321
1860	Manatus maeoticus Nordmann p. 330
1860	Phoca ambigua Staring
1864	Phoca viennensis Blainville
1866	Phocidae Gill p. 5
1871	Phocidae Gray p. 1
1873	Phocidae Scott p. 32
1874	Callophoca obscura Vanden Broeck p. 199
1874	Gryphoca similis Vanden Broeck p. 199
1874	Mesotaria ambigua Vanden Broeck p. 199
1874	Monatherium aberratum Vanden Broeck p. 199
1874	Monatherium affinis Vanden Broeck p. 199
1874	Monatherium delognii Vanden Broeck p. 199
1874	Monotherium aberratum Vanden Broeck p. 199
1874	Monotherium affine Vanden Broeck p. 199
1874	Monotherium delognii Vanden Broeck p. 199
1874	Palaeophoca nystii Vanden Broeck p. 199
1874	Phocanella minor Vanden Broeck p. 199
1874	Phocanella pumila Vanden Broeck p. 199
1874	Platyphoca vulgaris Vanden Broeck p. 199
1874	Prophoca rousseaui Vanden Broeck p. 199
1876	Mesotaria Van Beneden p. 796
1876	Mesotaria ambigua Van Beneden p. 796
1876	Callophoca Van Beneden p. 798
1876	Callophoca obscura Van Beneden p. 798
1876	Gryphoca Van Beneden p. 798
1876	Gryphoca similis Van Beneden p. 798
1876	Platyphoca Van Beneden p. 798
1876	Platyphoca vulgaris Van Beneden p. 798
1876	Phocanella Van Beneden p. 799
1876	Phocanella minor Van Beneden p. 799
1876	Phocanella pumila Van Beneden p. 799
1876	Monotherium affine Van Beneden p. 800
1876	Monotherium delognii Van Beneden p. 800
1876	Monotherium aberratum Van Beneden p. 801
1876	Prophoca Van Beneden p. 801
1876	Prophoca rousseaui Van Beneden p. 801
1877	Mesotaria ambigua Van Beneden
1880	Phocidae Allen p. 412
1883	Phocidae Flower p. 186
1887	Pristiphoca Depéret p. 278
1889	Phocidae Ameghino p. 342
1889	Phocidae Cope p. 876
1890	Phoca moori Newton
1891	Phocidae Flower and Lydekker p. 91
1891	Phoca moori Newton p. 19
1891	Phocanella Newton p. 19
1891	Phocanella minor Newton p. 19
1893	Pristiphoca Depéret p. 204
1897	Phoca vindobonensis Toula p. 55 figs. Plates 1-3
1898	Mesotaria Trouessart p. 377
1898	Mesotaria ambigua Trouessart p. 377
1898	Phocidae Trouessart p. 377
1898	Monachus (Pristiphoca) Trouessart p. 379
1898	Monachus (Pristiphoca) occitana Trouessart p. 379
1898	Monatherium aberratum Trouessart p. 380
1898	Monatherium affine Trouessart p. 380
1898	Monatherium delognii Trouessart p. 380
1898	Monatherium maeoticum Trouessart p. 380
1898	Halichoerus (Gryphoca) Trouessart p. 382
1898	Halichoerus (Gryphoca) similis Trouessart p. 382
1898	Prophoca Trouessart p. 382
1898	Prophoca rousseaui Trouessart p. 382
1898	Phoca (Platyphoca) Trouessart p. 383
1898	Phoca (Platyphoca) vulgaris Trouessart p. 383
1898	Phoca (Phoca) moori Trouessart p. 385
1898	Phoca (Phoca) pontica Trouessart p. 385
1898	Phoca (Phocanella) Trouessart p. 385
1898	Phoca (Phocanella) minor Trouessart p. 387
1898	Phoca (Phocanella) pumila Trouessart p. 387
1898	Phoca (Callophoca) Trouessart p. 388
1898	Phoca (Callophoca) obscura Trouessart p. 388
1902	Phocidae Hay p. 784
1904	Callophoca Palmer p. 153
1904	Gryphoca Palmer p. 301
1904	Mesotaria Palmer p. 416
1904	Phocanella Palmer p. 533
1904	Platyphoca Palmer p. 545
1904	Pristiphoca Palmer p. 563
1904	Prophoca Palmer p. 574
1904	Mesotaria Trouessart p. 282
1904	Mesotaria ambigua Trouessart p. 282
1904	Phocidae Trouessart p. 282
1904	Monachus (Pristiphoca) Trouessart p. 283
1904	Monachus (Pristiphoca) nysti Trouessart p. 283
1904	Monatherium aberratum Trouessart p. 283
1904	Monatherium affine Trouessart p. 283
1904	Monatherium delognei Trouessart p. 283
1904	Monatherium maeoticum Trouessart p. 283
1904	Halichoerus (Gryphoca) Trouessart p. 284
1904	Halichoerus (Gryphoca) similis Trouessart p. 285
1904	Phoca (Platyphoca) Trouessart p. 285
1904	Phoca (Platyphoca) vulgaris Trouessart p. 285
1904	Prophoca Trouessart p. 285
1904	Prophoca rousseaui Trouessart p. 285
1904	Phoca holitschensis Trouessart p. 286
1904	Phoca moori Trouessart p. 286
1904	Phoca pontica Trouessart p. 286
1904	Phoca vindobonensis Trouessart p. 286
1904	Callophoca Trouessart p. 287
1904	Callophoca obscura Trouessart p. 287
1904	Phoca (Phocanella) Trouessart p. 288
1911	Phocidae Jaekel p. 229
1912	Phocidae Turner p. 177
1922	Phocidae Kellogg p. 44
1922	Mesotaria Kellogg p. 109
1922	Mesotaria ambigua Kellogg p. 109
1922	Pristiphoca Kellogg p. 110
1922	Pristiphoca occitana Kellogg p. 110
1922	Paleophoca nystii Kellogg p. 111
1922	Monotherium delognii Kellogg p. 112
1922	Monotherium aberratum Kellogg p. 113
1922	Gryphoca Kellogg p. 115
1922	Gryphoca similis Kellogg p. 115
1922	Prophoca Kellogg p. 115
1922	Prophoca rousseaui Kellogg p. 116
1922	Platyphoca Kellogg p. 117
1922	Platyphoca vulgaris Kellogg p. 117
1922	Phoca moori Kellogg p. 119
1922	Phoca viennensis Kellogg p. 119
1922	Phoca vindobonensis Kellogg p. 119
1922	Phoca pontica Kellogg p. 120
1922	Phocanella Kellogg p. 121
1922	Phocanella minor Kellogg p. 122
1922	Phocanella pumila Kellogg p. 122
1922	Callophoca Kellogg p. 123
1922	Callophoca obscura Kellogg p. 124
1922	Monotherium maeoticum Kellogg p. 130
1922	Phoca moori Osborn p. 436
1922	Phocanella minor Osborn p. 436
1924	Phoca sarmatica Alekseev
1924	Phoca pontica Alekseev p. 27
1924	Phoca maeotica Alekseev p. 202
1924	Phoca novorossica Alekseev p. 202 figs. Plate 1, Figures 8-11
1924	Phoca sarmatica Alekseev p. 203 figs. Plate 1, Fig. 4-7
1925	Phoca novorossica Alekseev p. 138
1925	Phoca pontica Alekseev p. 138
1925	Phoca sarmatica Alekseev p. 138
1925	Phoca vindobonensis Alekseev p. 138
1925	Phoca bessarabica Simonescu
1925	Phoca holitschensis Zittel p. 78
1925	Phoca pontica Zittel p. 78
1925	Phoca vindobonensis Zittel p. 78
1925	Phocidae Zittel p. 78
1925	Pristiphoca Zittel p. 78
1925	Prophoca Zittel p. 78
1927	Phoca pontica Bogachev p. 140
1927	Phoca vindobonensis Bogachev p. 141
1928	Phocidae Weber p. 351
1929	Phocidae Dal Piaz p. 71
1930	Phocidae Hay p. 561
1931	Phoca pontica Simionescu p. 186
1931	Phoca bessarabica Simionescu p. 187
1931	Phoca maeotica Simionescu p. 187
1937	Miophoca vetusta Zapfe
1937	Miophoca Zapfe p. 275
1937	Miophoca vetusta Zapfe p. 275 figs. Figure 1
1941	Phoca vindobonensis Kretzoi
1941	Monachopsis pontica Kretzoi p. 277
1941	Monachopsis Kretzoi p. 278 figs. Fig. 2
1942	Phoca halithensis Alekseev
1944	Phoca (Phocanella) Friant p. 4
1944	Phoca bessarabica Macarovici p. 136
1944	Phoca pontica Macarovici p. 136
1944	Manatus maeoticus Macarovici p. 137
1944	Phoca maeotica Macarovici p. 137
1947	Mesotaria Friant p. 5
1947	Mesotaria ambigua Friant p. 5
1947	Monatherium aberratum Friant p. 5
1947	Monatherium affine Friant p. 5
1947	Monatherium delognii Friant p. 5
1947	Halichoerus (Gryphoca) Friant p. 6
1947	Halichoerus (Gryphoca) similis Friant p. 6
1947	Monachus (Miophoca) Friant p. 6
1947	Monachus (Miophoca) vetusta Friant p. 6
1947	Monachus (Monachus) ponticus Friant p. 6
1947	Monachus (Pristiphoca) Friant p. 6
1947	Monachus (Pristiphoca) occitanicus Friant p. 6
1947	Monatherium maeoticum Friant p. 6
1947	Phoca (Callophoca) Friant p. 7
1947	Phoca (Callophoca) obscura Friant p. 7
1947	Phoca (Phoca) bessarabica Friant p. 7
1947	Phoca (Phoca) holitchensis Friant p. 7
1947	Phoca (Phoca) moori Friant p. 7
1947	Phoca (Phoca) novorossica Friant p. 7
1947	Phoca (Phoca) vindoboniensis Friant p. 7
1947	Phoca (Phocanella) Friant p. 7
1947	Phoca (Phocanella) minor Friant p. 7
1947	Phoca (Phocanella) pumila Friant p. 7
1947	Phoca (Platyphoca) Friant p. 7
1947	Phoca (Platyphoca) vulgaris Friant p. 7
1947	Prophoca Friant p. 7
1947	Prophoca rousseaui Friant p. 7
1950	Pristiphoca Thenius p. 106
1950	Pristiphoca (Miophoca) Thenius p. 106
1950	Pristiphoca (Miophoca) vetusta Thenius p. 107
1952	Phocidae Sherman p. 90
1960	Monotherium maeoticum McLaren p. 56
1960	Pontophoca sarmatica McLaren p. 56
1960	Phoca (Pusa) pontica McLaren p. 57
1960	Phoca bessarabica McLaren p. 58
1960	Phoca novorossica McLaren p. 58
1960	Phoca vindobonensis McLaren p. 58
1963	Phocidae Scheffer and Rice p. 3
1964	Phoca holitchensis King
1967	Pusa pontica Scheffer p. 355
1970	Phocidae Burns and Fay p. 379
1971	Phocanella Ginsburg and Janvier p. 162
1971	Phocidae Ginsburg and Janvier p. 162
1971	Pristiphoca Ginsburg and Janvier p. 163
1971	Phocidae Stirling pp. 1-3
1972	Monotherium aberratum Hendey p. 100
1972	Monotherium maeoticum Hendey p. 100
1972	Paleophoca nystii Hendey p. 100
1972	Pristiphoca Hendey p. 100
1972	Pristiphoca occitana Hendey p. 100
1974	Phocidae Hendey p. 66
1975	Phocanella Ginsburg and Janvier p. 76 figs. Fig. 1
1975	Palmidophoca Ginsburg and Janvier p. 78
1975	Palmidophoca callirhoe Ginsburg and Janvier p. 78
1975	Pristiphoca Ginsburg and Janvier p. 78
1976	Callophoca ambigua Ray p. 394
1976	Callophoca obscura Ray p. 394
1976	Gryphoca similis Ray p. 394
1976	Monotherium aberratum Ray p. 394
1976	Monotherium affine Ray p. 394
1976	Monotherium delognii Ray p. 394
1976	Paleophoca nystii Ray p. 394
1976	Phocanella minor Ray p. 394
1976	Platyphoca vulgaris Ray p. 394
1976	Prophoca rousseaui Ray p. 394
1976	Phocidae Tedford p. 372
1977	Phoca maeotica Grigorescu p. 414
1977	Pontophoca sarmatica Grigorescu p. 414
1977	Callophoca ambigua Ray p. 394
1977	Leptophoca vindobonensis Ray pp. 395, 398
1980	Phocidae Kurten and Anderson p. 204
1981	Callophoca Muizon p. 135
1981	Gryphoca Muizon p. 135
1981	Phocanella Muizon p. 135
1981	Platyphoca Muizon p. 135
1981	Pristiphoca Muizon p. 135
1981	Prophoca Muizon p. 135
1982	Gryphoca Muizon p. 205 figs. Table 1
1982	Phocanella Muizon p. 205 figs. Table 1
1982	Platyphoca Muizon p. 205 figs. Table 1
1982	Pristiphoca Muizon p. 205 figs. Table 1
1982	Prophoca Muizon p. 205 figs. Table 1
1982	Phocidae Muizon p. 262 figs. Fig. 1
1982	Phocidae Thomas et al. p. 1
1986	Phocidae Kovacs and Lavigne p. 1
1988	Callophoca Carroll
1988	Gryphoca Carroll
1988	Phocanella Carroll
1988	Phocidae Carroll
1988	Platyphoca Carroll
1988	Prophoca Carroll
1989	Phocidae Berta et al. p. 61 figs. Fig. 3
1990	Phocidae Riedman p. 57 figs. Table 2
1991	Phocidae Berta p. 29 figs. Fig. 22
1991	Monachopsis Koretsky p. 41A
1991	Monachopsis pontica Koretsky p. 41A
1991	Praepusa vindobonensis Koretsky p. 41A
1991	Phocidae Nowak
1991	Phocidae Vidal p. 6
1992	Phocidae Ling and Bryden p. 1
1994	Phocidae Berta p. 25 figs. Fig. 21
1994	Cryptophoca Koretsky and Ray p. 18
1994	Cryptophoca maeotica Koretsky and Ray p. 21
1997	Phocidae McKenna and Bell p. 254
1997	Cryptophoca McKenna and Bell p. 257
1997	Prophoca McKenna and Bell p. 257
1997	Gryphoca McKenna and Bell p. 258
1997	Palmidophoca McKenna and Bell p. 258
1997	Phocanella McKenna and Bell p. 258
1997	Platyphoca McKenna and Bell p. 258
1997	Callophoca McKenna and Bell p. 259
1997	Mesotaria McKenna and Bell p. 259
1997	Monachopsis McKenna and Bell p. 259
1997	Pristiphoca McKenna and Bell p. 259
1998	Phocidae Rice
1999	Phocanella Ginsburg and Janvier p. 170
1999	Phocidae Ginsburg and Janvier p. 170
1999	Palmidophoca Ginsburg and Janvier p. 171
1999	Palmidophoca callirhoe Ginsburg and Janvier p. 171
2001	Phocidae Cozzuol p. 415
2001	Phocidae Koretsky p. 33
2001	Monachopsis pontica Koretsky p. 39
2001	Praepusa vindobonensis Koretsky p. 48
2001	Monotherium maeotica Koretsky p. 57
2001	Sarmatonectes Koretsky p. 58 figs. Fig. 36-37
2001	Sarmatonectes sintsovi Koretsky p. 60
2001	Gryphoca Koretsky p. 85
2001	Gryphoca similis Koretsky p. 85
2001	Monachopsis Koretsky p. 85
2001	Phocanella Koretsky p. 85
2001	Sarmatonectes Koretsky p. 85
2001	Callophoca Koretsky p. 86
2001	Callophoca obscura Koretsky p. 86
2001	Cryptophoca Koretsky p. 86
2001	Monotherium aberratum Koretsky p. 86
2001	Monotherium affine Koretsky p. 86
2001	Monotherium delognii Koretsky p. 86
2001	Monotherium rousseaui Koretsky p. 86
2001	Platyphoca Koretsky p. 86
2001	Platyphoca vulgaris Koretsky p. 86
2001	Pontophoca sarmatica Koretsky p. 86
2001	Prophoca Koretsky p. 86
2001	Cryptophoca maeotica Koretsky p. 87
2001	Miophoca Koretsky p. 87
2001	Miophoca vetusta Koretsky p. 87
2002	Callophoca Berta p. 923
2002	Cryptophoca Berta p. 923
2002	Phocanella Berta p. 923
2002	Phocidae Berta p. 923
2002	Prophoca Berta p. 923
2002	Paleophoca nystii Kazár p. 163
2002	Phocidae Koretsky and Grigorescu p. 150
2002	Callophoca Koretsky and Grigorescu p. 151
2002	Callophoca Koretsky and Holec p. 175
2002	Phocidae Rice p. 231 figs. Table 1
2002	Callophoca Sepkoski
2002	Gryphoca Sepkoski
2002	Mesotaria Sepkoski
2002	Monachiopsis Sepkoski
2002	Palmidophoca Sepkoski
2002	Phocanella Sepkoski
2002	Platyphoca Sepkoski
2002	Pristiphoca Sepkoski
2002	Prophoca Sepkoski
2003	Callophoca Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2003	Callophoca obscura Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2003	Cryptophoca Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2003	Cryptophoca maeotica Deméré et al. p. 49
2003	Gryphoca Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2003	Gryphoca similis Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2003	Phocanella Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2003	Phocanella pumila Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2003	Phocidae Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2003	Platyphoca Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2003	Platyphoca vulgaris Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2003	Pontophoca sarmatica Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2003	Monotherium aberratum Deméré et al. p. 63
2003	Pristiphoca Deméré et al. p. 63
2003	Pristiphoca vetusta Deméré et al. p. 63
2003	Praepusa magyaricus Koretsky p. 65 figs. Fig. 1-4
2004	Phocidae Adam p. 1
2004	Phocidae Davis et al. p. 372
2005	Phocidae Wilson and Reeder
2006	Cryptophoca Koretsky and Barnes p. 148
2006	Cryptophoca maeotica Koretsky and Barnes p. 148
2006	Monachopsis pontica Koretsky and Barnes p. 148
2006	Praepusa vindobonensis Koretsky and Barnes p. 148
2006	Sarmatonectes Koretsky and Barnes p. 148
2006	Sarmatonectes sintsovi Koretsky and Barnes p. 148
2006	Monachopsis Koretsky and Barnes p. 149
2008	Gryphoca Koretsky and Barnes p. 545
2008	Gryphoca similis Koretsky and Barnes p. 546
2008	Phocanella Koretsky and Barnes p. 548
2008	Phocanella pumila Koretsky and Barnes p. 548
2008	Platyphoca Koretsky and Barnes p. 548
2008	Platyphoca vulgaris Koretsky and Barnes p. 549
2008	Callophoca Koretsky and Barnes p. 550
2008	Callophoca obscura Koretsky and Barnes p. 551
2008	Batavipusa Koretsky and Peters p. 54
2008	Batavipusa neerlandica Koretsky and Peters p. 56 figs. Fig. 3-5
2008	Platyphoca Koretsky and Ray p. 84
2008	Platyphoca vulgaris Koretsky and Ray p. 84
2008	Phocanella Koretsky and Ray p. 85
2008	Phocanella pumila Koretsky and Ray p. 85
2008	Gryphoca Koretsky and Ray p. 89
2008	Gryphoca similis Koretsky and Ray p. 89
2008	Callophoca Koretsky and Ray p. 94
2008	Callophoca obscura Koretsky and Ray p. 97
2008	Mesotaria ambigua Koretsky and Ray p. 98
2008	Mesotaria Koretsky and Ray p. 99
2008	Paleophoca nystii Uhen et al. p. 577
2009	Callophoca Berta p. 863
2009	Cryptophoca Berta p. 863
2009	Phocanella Berta p. 863
2009	Prophoca Berta p. 863
2009	Phocidae Rice p. 235 figs. Table 1
2010	Phocidae Canto et al. p. 22
2010	Callophoca Fulton and Strobeck p. 817 figs. Figure 1
2010	Pristiphoca Fulton and Strobeck p. 817 figs. Figure 1
2010	Prophoca Fulton and Strobeck p. 817 figs. Figure 1
2011	Phocidae Diedrich p. 916
2012	Phocidae Koretsky et al. p. 5
2012	Leptophoca amphiatlantica Koretsky et al. p. 7 figs. Figures 2-4; Table 1
2013	Callophoca Amson and Muizon
2013	Phocidae Koretsky and Rahmat p. 330
2013	Pachyphoca Koretsky and Rahmat p. 334 figs. Figs. 5-10
2013	Pachyphoca ukrainica Koretsky and Rahmat p. 334 figs. Figs. 5-10
2013	Pachyphoca chapskii Koretsky and Rahmat p. 338 figs. Figs. 5-10
2013	Phocidae Valenzuela-Toro et al. p. 217
2014	Phocidae Koretsky and Domning p. 224
2014	Cryptophoca maeotica Koretsky and Domning p. 227
2014	Monotherium aberratum Koretsky and Domning p. 227
2014	Monotherium affine Koretsky and Domning p. 227
2014	Monotherium delognii Koretsky and Domning p. 227
2014	Palmidophoca Koretsky and Domning p. 227
2014	Palmidophoca callirhoe Koretsky and Domning p. 227
2014	Gryphoca nordica Koretsky et al. p. 421 figs. Plate 2, 2A-2D; 3A-3D
2014	Phocidae Koretsky et al. p. 421
2014	Pontophoca jutlandica Koretsky et al. p. 421 figs. Plate 1, 2A, 2B
2014	Gryphoca Koretsky et al. p. 423
2014	Gryphoca similis Koretsky et al. p. 423
2014	Pontophoca sarmatica Koretsky et al. p. 423
2014	Platyphoca Koretsky et al. p. 426
2014	Platyphoca vulgaris Koretsky et al. p. 426
2014	Platyphoca danica Koretsky et al. p. 427 figs. Plate 3, 2A-2B
2015	Pontophoca sarmatica Berta et al. p. 3 figs. Table 1
2015	Phocidae Boessenecker and Churchill p. 3
2015	Phocidae Koretsky et al. p. 58
2015	Praepusa magyaricus Koretsky et al. p. 59
2015	Praepusa vindobonensis Koretsky et al. p. 59
2015	Praepusa boeska Koretsky et al. p. 60 figs. Fig. 2-3, Tables 1-2
2015	Phocidae Valenzuela-Toro et al.
2016	Phocidae Boessenecker and Churchill
2016	Callophoca obscura Boessenecker and Churchill p. 1
2016	Phocidae Rahmat and Koretsky p. 73
2016	Phocidae Valenzuela-Toro et al. p. 4
2017	Phocidae Berta p. 156
2017	Batavipusa Berta p. 157
2017	Callophoca Berta p. 157
2017	Cryptophoca Berta p. 157
2017	Gryphoca Berta p. 157
2017	Monachopsis Berta p. 157
2017	Palmidophoca Berta p. 157
2017	Phocanella Berta p. 157
2017	Platyphoca Berta p. 157
2017	Pristiphoca Berta p. 157
2017	Prophoca Berta p. 157
2017	Prophoca Dewaele et al. p. 10
2017	Prophoca rousseaui Dewaele et al. p. 10
2017	Callophoca obscura Rahmat et al. p. 224
2017	Terranectes Rahmat et al. p. 224 figs. gs 4–11; tables 1–5
2017	Terranectes magnus Rahmat et al. p. 228 figs. gs 4–11; tables 1–5
2017	Terranectes parvus Rahmat et al. p. 234 figs. gs 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12; tables 1–5
2018	Phocidae Berta p. 713 figs. Fig. 2
2018	Callophoca Berta p. 715 figs. Fig. 3C
2018	Callophoca Berta et al. p. 210 figs. Fig. 2
2018	Callophoca obscura Berta et al. p. 210 figs. Fig. 4
2018	Pachyphoca Berta et al. p. 210 figs. Fig. 2
2018	Phocidae Dewaele and Lambert p. 6
2018	Frisiphoca Dewaele et al. p. 14
2018	Frisiphoca aberratum Dewaele et al. p. 14 figs. Figure 4a–d, i–l
2018	Frisiphoca affine Dewaele et al. p. 17
2018	Monotherium delognii Dewaele et al. p. 22
2018	Callophoca Dewaele et al. p. 7
2018	Callophoca obscura Dewaele et al. p. 7
2018	Auroraphoca Dewaele et al. p. 15
2018	Auroraphoca atlantica Dewaele et al. p. 15 figs. figures 3f, 4f, 5f, 6f, 7a–c
2018	Virginiaphoca Dewaele et al. p. 18 figs. figures 3g, 4g, 5g, 6g
2018	Virginiaphoca magurai Dewaele et al. p. 18 figs. figures 3g, 4g, 5g, 6g
2018	Phocidae Rahmat and Koretsky p. 511
2019	Phocanella Albright et al. p. 178
2019	Phocanella pumila Albright et al. p. 178
2019	Callophoca Albright et al. p. 179
2019	Callophoca obscura Albright et al. p. 179
2019	Phocidae Kienle and Berta
2021	Phocidae Hafed et al. p. 707
2022	Auroraphoca atlantica Berta et al. p. 6 figs. Table 1.1
2022	Batavipusa neerlandica Berta et al. p. 6 figs. Table 1.1
2022	Callophoca obscura Berta et al. p. 6 figs. Table 1.1
2022	Cryptophoca maeotica Berta et al. p. 6 figs. Table 1.1
2022	Frisiphoca aberratum Berta et al. p. 6 figs. Table 1.1
2022	Frisiphoca affine Berta et al. p. 6 figs. Table 1.1
2022	Gryphoca nordica Berta et al. p. 7 figs. Table 1.1
2022	Gryphoca similis Berta et al. p. 7 figs. Table 1.1
2022	Monachopsis pontica Berta et al. p. 7 figs. Table 1.1
2022	Monotherium delognii Berta et al. p. 7 figs. Table 1.1
2022	Pachyphoca chapskii Berta et al. p. 8 figs. Table 1
2022	Pachyphoca ukrainica Berta et al. p. 8 figs. Table 1
2022	Palmidophoca callirhoe Berta et al. p. 8 figs. Table 1
2022	Phoca moori Berta et al. p. 8 figs. Table 1
2022	Phocanella pumila Berta et al. p. 8 figs. Table 1
2022	Platyphoca danica Berta et al. p. 8 figs. Table 1
2022	Platyphoca vulgaris Berta et al. p. 8 figs. Table 1
2022	Pontophoca jutlandica Berta et al. p. 8 figs. Table 1
2022	Pontophoca sarmatica Berta et al. p. 8 figs. Table 1
2022	Praepusa boeska Berta et al. p. 8 figs. Table 1
2022	Praepusa magyaricus Berta et al. p. 8 figs. Table 1
2022	Praepusa vindobonensis Berta et al. p. 9 figs. Table 1
2022	Prophoca rousseaui Berta et al. p. 9 figs. Table 1
2022	Sarmatonectes sintsovi Berta et al. p. 9 figs. Table 1
2022	Virginiaphoca magurai Berta et al. p. 9 figs. Table 1
2022	Pachyphoca volkodavi Tarasenko p. 916 figs. Fig. 2-3
2023	Phocanella Hafed et al.
2023	Phocanella pumila Hafed et al.
2024	Phocidae Dewaele and de Muizon p. 34
2024	Phocanella Hafed et al.
2024	Phocanella pumila Hafed et al.
2024	Seronectes Hafed et al.
2024	Seronectes meherrinensis Hafed et al.
2024	Phocidae Valenzuela-Toro et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia

Rank	Name	Author
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Ferae	()
—	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
—	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora
suborder	Caniformia	Kretzoi 1943
infraorder	Canoidea	(Simpson 1931)
superfamily	Arctoidea	Flower 1869
—	Panpinnipedia	Wolsan et al. 2020
—	Pinnipedimorpha
—	Pinnipedia	()
superfamily	Phocoidea	Smirnov 1908
family	Phocadae
family	Phocadae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Phocadae Gray 1821 [seal]

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Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available