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Folivora
Taxonomy
Folivora was named by Delsuc et al. (2001) [New name for the sloths, chosen because the previously used names Phyllophaga and Tardigrada are homonyms.]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Pilosa by Delsuc et al. (2001) and Wilson and Reeder (2005).
It was assigned to Pilosa by Delsuc et al. (2001) and Wilson and Reeder (2005).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1795 | Tardigrada Latham and Davies |
| 1821 | Tarigradae Gray p. 304 |
| 1885 | Tardigrada Ameghino p. 109 |
| 1906 | Tardigrada Ameghino p. 91 |
| 1911 | Tardigradi Jaekel p. 224 |
| 1930 | Tardigrada Hay p. 403 |
| 1995 | Tardigrada Gaudin |
| 1999 | Tardigrada De Iuliis and Cartelle p. 500 |
| 2000 | Tardigrada Villarroel p. 118 |
| 2001 | Folivora Delsuc et al. |
| 2005 | Folivora Wilson and Reeder |
| 2007 | Tardigrada Pujos et al. |
| 2017 | Tardigrada De Los Arcos et al. p. 355 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. Folivora Delsuc et al. 2001
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Cl. †Eufolivora Delsuc 2001
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Fm. Bradypodidae Gray 1821
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G. Bradypus Linnaeus 1758
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Bradypus pygmaeus Anderson and Handley 2001 [Pygmy three-toed sloth]
Bradypus torquatus Illiger 1811 [Maned sloth]
Bradypus variegatus Schinz 1825 [brown-throated three-toed sloth]
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Bradypus variegatus boliviensis Gray 1871
Bradypus variegatus brasiliensis Blainville 1840
Bradypus variegatus ephippiger Philippi 1870
Bradypus variegatus gorgon Thomas 1926
Bradypus variegatus trivittatus Cornalia 1849
Bradypus variegatus variegatus Schinz 1825
Invalid names: Bradypus griseus Gray 1871 [synonym], Bradypus ignavus Goldman 1913 [synonym]
Bradypus variegatus infuscatus Wagler 1831
Invalid names: Bradypodina Bonaparte 1850 [empty]
Superfm. †Megatherioidea Gray 1821
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Fm. †Megalonychidae Gervais 1855
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G. †Amphihapalops Ameghino 1891
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†Amphihapalops cadens Ameghino 1891
†Amphihapalops congermanus Ameghino 1891
†Amphihapalops gallaicus Ameghino 1891
G. †Analcimorphus Ameghino 1891
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†Analcimorphus giganteus Ameghino 1894
†Analcimorphus inversus Ameghino 1891
Subfm. †Choloepodinae MacPhee 2001
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G. †Acratocnus Anthony 1916
G. Choloepus Illiger 1811
G. †Neocnus Arredondo 1961
G. †Paulocnus Hooijer 1962
Invalid names: Acratocnini Varona 1974 [empty], Choloepodini Gray 1871 [empty], Cubanocnini Varona 1974 [empty]
G. †Deseadognathus Carlini and Scillato-Yané 2004
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†Deseadognathus riggsi Carlini and Scillato-Yané 2004
G. †Diheterocnus Kraglievich 1928
G. †Eucholoeops Amegino 1887
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†Eucholaeops titan Lydekker 1894
†Eucholoeops ingens Ameghino 1887
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Invalid names: Eucholoeops curtus Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Eucholoeops externus Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Eucholoeops fronto Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Eucholoeops lafonei Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Eucholoeops latirostris Ameghino 1891 [synonym]
†Eucholoeops latifrons Mercerat 1891
†Eucholoeops litoralis Ameghino 1891
†Eucholoeops titans Lyddekker 1894
G. †Eugeronops Ameghino 1891
G. †Hapalops Ameghino 1887
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†Hapalops adteger Amegino 1887
†Hapalops aguirrei Mercerat 1891
†Hapalops angustipalatus Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops antistis Ameghino 1897
†Hapalops atlanticus Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops australis Mercerat 1891
†Hapalops boulei Mercerat 1891
†Hapalops brachycephalus Ameghino 1894
†Hapalops brevipalatus Ameghino 1891
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Invalid names: Stenocephalus hybridus Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
†Hapalops cilindricus Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops cognathus Mercerat 1891
†Hapalops congermanus Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops crassidens Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops crassignathus Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops crassissimus Ameghino 1894
†Hapalops crassissimus Ameghino 1894
†Hapalops curvus Ameghino 1899
†Hapalops depressipalatus Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops diverssidens Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops elongatus Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops forticulus Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops gracilidens Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops grandaevus Moreno and Mercerat 1891
†Hapalops grandis Ameghino 1894
†Hapalops hyperleptus Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops indifferens Ameghino 1887
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Invalid names: Stenocephalus australis Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
†Hapalops infernalis Ameghino 1887
†Hapalops latus Ameghino 1894
†Hapalops longiceps Scott 1903
†Hapalops longipalatus Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops minutus Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops platycephalus Scott 1903
†Hapalops ponderosus Scott 1903
†Hapalops primus Ameghino 1894
†Hapalops rectagulidens Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops robustus Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops rutimeyeri Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops sectus Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops subcuadratus Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops testudinatus Ameghino 1891
†Hapalops vulpiceps Scott 1903
Invalid names: Stenocephalus Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
G. †Holomegalonyx Scillato-Yané 1979
G. †Hyperleptus Ameghino 1891
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†Hyperleptus garzonianus Ameghino 1891
†Hyperleptus schissognathus Ameghino 1891
Invalid names: Tapinotherium Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
Subfm. †Megalocninae
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G. †Imagocnus MacPhee and Iturralde-Vinent 1994
G. †Megalocnus Leidy 1868
G. †Parocnus Miller 1929
Invalid names: Megalocnini Kraglievich 1923 [empty], Mesocnini Varona 1974 [empty]
Subfm. †Megalonychinae Trouessart 1904
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G. †Ahytherium Cartelle et al. 2008
G. †Australonyx De Iuliis et al. 2009
G. †Ereptodon Leidy 1853
G. †Megalonyx Harlan 1825
G. †Megistonyx McDonald et al. 2013
G. †Pliometanastes Hirschfeld and Webb 1968
G. †Sinclairia Ameghino 1912
Subfm. †Metopotherinae Ameghino 1902
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G. †Hapaloides Ameghino 1902
G. †Proschismotherium Ameghino 1902
Subfm. †Metopotherini Ameghino 1894
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G. †Adiastemus Ameghino 1894
G. †Metopotherium Ameghino 1891
G. †Uranokyrtus Ameghino 1894
G. †Microcnus Matthew 1931
G. †Miocnus Matthew 1931
G. †Nothropus Burmeister 1882
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†Nothropus carcaranensis Bordas 1942
†Nothropus nordenskioldi Pujos et al. 2007
†Nothropus priscus Burmeister 1882
G. †Ortotherium Ameghino 1885
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†Ortotherium berroi Kraglievich 1932
†Ortotherium laticurvatum Ameghino 1885
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Invalid names: Amphiocnus seneum Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Amphiocnus seneus Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Menilaus affinis Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Ortotherium schlosseri Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Ortotherium scrofum Bordas 1941 [synonym]
†Ortotherium robustum Ameghino 1881
G. †Pliomorphus Ameghino 1885
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†Pliomorphus mutilatus Ameghino 1885
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Invalid names: Pliomorphus ameghinoi Kraglievich 1923 [synonym], Pliomorphus brevis Kraglievich 1923 [synonym]
†Pliomorphus robustus Ameghino 1885
G. †Protomegalonyx Kraglievich 1925
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†Protomegalonyx chasicoensis Scillato-Yané 1977
†Protomegalonyx doellojuradoi Kraglievich 1925
†Protomegalonyx praecursor Kraglievich 1925
G. †Pseudhapalops Ameghino 1891
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†Pseudhapalops altiramis Ameghino 1894
†Pseudhapalops forticulus Ameghino 1891
†Pseudhapalops grandis Ameghino 1894
†Pseudhapalops infernalis Ameghino 1887
†Pseudhapalops longitudinalis Ameghino 1891
†Pseudhapalops observationis Ameghino 1891
G. †Pseudortotherium Scillato-Yane 1981
G. †Xibalbaonyx Stinnesbeck et al. 2017
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†Xibalbaonyx exinferis Stinnesbeck et al. 2020
†Xibalbaonyx microcaninus Stinnesbeck et al. 2018
†Xibalbaonyx oviceps Stinnesbeck et al. 2017
G. †Zacatzontli McDonald and Carranza-Castañeda 2017
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†Zacatzontli cotobrusensis Valerio et al. 2022
†Zacatzontli tecolotlanensis McDonald and Carranza-Castañeda 2017
Invalid names: Choloepidae Gray 1871 [synonym]
Unr. †Megatheria
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Fm. †Megatheriidae Gray 1821
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G. †Diellipsodon Berg 1899
G. †Eomegatherium Kraglievich 1926
Unr. †Mylomorpha Ameghino 1885
Subfm. †Planopinae Ameghino 1887
Subfm. †Prepotherinae Ameghino 1894
Unr. †Rodimorpha Ameghino 1885
G. †Zamicrus Ameghino 1889
Invalid names: Megatheriina Bonaparte 1850 [empty]
Fm. †Nothrotheriidae Ameghino 1920
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G. †Mcdonaldocnus Gaudin et al. 2022
G. †Neohapalops Kraglievich 1923
Subfm. †Nothrotheriinae Ameghino 1920
Subfm. †Thalassocninae Muizon et al. 2004
G. †Pelecyodon Ameghino 1891
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†Pelecyodon arcuatus Ameghino 1891
†Pelecyodon bombifrons Ameghino 1894
†Pelecyodon cristatus Ameghino 1891
†Pelecyodon maximus Ameghino 1891
†Pelecyodon petraeus Ameghino 1891
†Pelecyodon robustus Ameghino 1891
G. †Schismotherium Ameghino 1887
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†Schismotherium binum Amghino 1887
†Schismotherium fractum Ameghino 1887
†Schismotherium rectangularis Ameghino 1887
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Invalid names: Hapalops ellipticus Ameghino 1887 [synonym], Stenocephalus cognatus Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
†Schismotherium splendens Ameghino 1887
Fm. †Mylodontidae Ameghino 1889
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Tr. †Lestodontini Gaudin 2004
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G. †Sphenotherus Ameghino 1891
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†Sphenotherus zavaletianus Ameghino 1891
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Invalid names: Sphenotherus paranensis Ameghino 1891 [synonym]
G. †Magdalenabradys Rincón and McDonald 2020
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†Magdalenabradys confusum Hirschfeld 1985
†Magdalenabradys kolossiaia Rincón and McDonald 2020
Subfm. †Mylodontinae Gill 1872
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G. †Archaeomylodon Brambilla and Ibarra 2018
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†Archaeomylodon sampedrinensis Brambilla and Ibarra 2018
G. †Bolivartherium Carlini et al. 2006
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†Bolivartherium codorensis Carlini et al. 2006
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Invalid names: Lestodon codorensis Linares 2004 [replaced]
†Bolivartherium urumaquensis Linares 2004
G. †Glossotherium Owen 1840
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†Glossotherium chapadmalense Kraglievich 1925
†Glossotherium domesticum Roth 1900
†Glossotherium emmersoni Esteban 1988
†Glossotherium garbanii Montellano and Carranza-Castaneda 1981
†Glossotherium phoenesis Cartelle et al. 2019
†Glossotherium robustum Owen 1842
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Invalid names: Glossotherium lettsomi Cabrera 1936 [synonym], Mylodon gracilis Burmeister 1865 [synonym], Pseudolestodon lettsomi Gervais and Ameghino 1880 [synonym], Pseudolestodon morenoii Gervais and Ameghino 1880 [synonym], Pseudolestodon myloides Gervais 1855 [synonym]
†Glossotherium tropicorum Hoffstetter 1952
†Glossotherium wegneri Spillmann 1931
Invalid names: Eumylodon Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Pseudolestodon Gervais and Ameghino 1880 [synonym]
G. †Lestodon Gervais 1855
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†Lestodon antiquus Ameghino 1885
†Lestodon armatus Gervais 1855
†Lestodon garrachicii Moreno 1888
†Lestodon myloides Gervais 1855
†Lestodon urumaquensis Linares 2004
Tr. †Mylodontini Saint-Andre 1994
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G. †Glossotheridium Kraglievich 1934
G. †Glossotheriopsis Scillato-Yané 1976
G. †Kiyumylodon Rinderknecht et al. 2007
G. †Mylodon Owen 1859
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Invalid names: Eubradys [synonym], Grypotherium [synonym], Neomylodon Ameghino 1898 [synonym]
G. †Oreomylodon Hoffstetter 1949
G. †Paramylodon Brown 1903
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†Paramylodon harlani Owen 1840 [Harlan's ground sloth]
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Invalid names: Eubradys antiquus Leidy 1853 [synonym], Megalonyx potens Leidy 1853 [synonym], Mylodon garmani Allen 1913 [synonym], Mylodon sodalis Cope 1878 [synonym], Mylodon tenuceps Stock 1917 [synonym], Oryctotherium missouriense Harlan 1841 [synonym], Oryctotherium oregonense Perkins 1843 [synonym], Paramylodon nebrascensis Brown 1903 [synonym]
G. †Pleurolestodon Rovereto 1914
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†Pleurolestodon acutidens Rovereto 1914
†Pleurolestodon avitus Rovereto 1914
†Pleurolestodon macrodon Rovereto 1914
G. †Prolestodon Kraglievich 1932
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†Prolestodon antiquus Ameghino 1885
†Prolestodon paranensis Ameghino 1889
G. †Simomylodon Saint-André et al. 2010
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†Simomylodon uccasamamensis Saint-André et al. 2010
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Invalid names: Pleurolestodon dalenzae Saint-André et al. 2010 [synonym]
G. †Stenodon Ameghino 1885
G. †Strabosodon Ameghino 1891
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†Strabosodon acuticavus Ameghino 1891
†Strabosodon obtusicavus Ameghino 1891
G. †Nematherium Ameghino 1887
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†Nematherium auca Ameghino 1891
†Nematherium birdi Simpson 1941
†Nematherium declivum Ameghino 1894
†Nematherium longirostris Ameghino 1891
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Invalid names: Nematherium lavagnanum Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
†Nematherium profundatum Ameghino 1891
Subfm. †Orophodontinae Hoffstetter 1954
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G. †Octodontotherium Ameghino 1894
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†Octodontotherium crassidens Ameghino 1897
†Octodontotherium grandae Ameghino 1894
G. †Octomylodon Ameghino 1904
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†Octomylodon aversus Ameghino 1904
†Octomylodon robertoscagliai Scillato-Yané 1977
G. †Paroctodontotherium Shockey and Anaya 2011
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†Paroctodontotherium calleorum Shockey and Anaya 2011
G. †Urumacotherium Bocquentin-Villanueva 1983
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†Urumacotherium campbelli Frailey 1986
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Invalid names: Eomilodon amazonocidentalis Bocquentin and Guilherme 1999 [synonym]
†Urumacotherium garciai Bocquentin-Villanueva 1984
Invalid names: Eomilodon Bocquentin and Guilherme 1999 [synonym]
G. †Pseudoprepotherium Hoffstetter 1961
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†Pseudoprepotherium socorrensis Carlini et al. 2006
†Pseudoprepotherium urumaquensis Carlini et al. 2006
†Pseudoprepotherium venezuelanum Hoffstetter 1961
Invalid names: Mirandabradys Carlini et al. 2006 [synonym]
Subfm. †Scelidotheriinae Ameghino 1889
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G. †Amnotherium Ameghino 1891
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†Amnotherium aculeatum Ameghino 1894
†Amnotherium declivum Ameghino 1894
†Amnotherium profundatum Ameghino 1891
G. †Catonyx Ameghino 1891
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†Catonyx chiliensis Lydekker 1886
†Catonyx cuvieri Lund 1839
†Catonyx tarijensis Ameghino 1891
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Invalid names: Scelidotherium capellini Gervais and Ameghino 1880 [synonym]
G. †Proscelidodon Bordas 1935
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†Proscelidodon gracillimus Rovereto 1914
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Invalid names: Elassotherium altirostre Cabrera 1939 [synonym], Proscelidodon almagroi Rovereto 1914 [synonym]
†Proscelidodon patrius Ameghino 1888
†Proscelidodon rothi Kraglievich 1923
Invalid names: Elassotherium Cabrera 1939 [synonym]
G. †Scelidodon Ameghino 1881
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†Scelidodon almagroi Rovereto 1914
†Scelidodon chiliense Lydekker 1886
†Scelidodon chiliensis Lydekker 1886
†Scelidodon gracillimus Rovereto 1914
†Scelidodon patrius Ameghino 1891
†Scelidodon pendolai Rovereto 1914
†Scelidodon piauiensis Guérin and Faure 2004
†Scelidodon rothi Ameghino 1908
†Scelidodon tarijensis Gervais and Ameghino 1880
G. †Scelidotherium Owen 1839
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†Scelidotherium australis Moreno 1888
†Scelidotherium bravardi Lydekker 1886
†Scelidotherium chapalmalense Ameghino 1908
†Scelidotherium cuvieri Lund 1839
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Invalid names: Megalonyx bucklandii Lund 1839 [synonym], Megalonyx minutus Lund 1839 [synonym], Platonyx brongniartii Lund 1842 [synonym], Platonyx owenii Lund 1842 [synonym], Scelidodon wingei Kraglievich 1923 [synonym]
†Scelidotherium elegans Moreno 1888
†Scelidotherium laevidens Moreno and Mercerat 1891
†Scelidotherium leptocephalum Owen 1839
†Scelidotherium modicum Ameghino 1885
†Scelidotherium patrium Ameghino 1888
†Scelidotherium pozzii Moreno 1888
†Scelidotherium reyesi Hoffstetter 1952
†Scelidotherium tarijense Gervais 1855
G. †Sibyllotherium Scillato-Yané and Carlini 1998
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†Sibyllotherium guenguelianum Scillato-Yané and Carlini 1998
G. †Valgipes Gervais 1874
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†Valgipes bucklandi Lund 1839
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Invalid names: Platyonyx bucklandi Lund 1842 [replaced], Valgipes deformis Gervais 1874 [synonym]
Invalid names: Myrmecophaga gigantea Lund 1839 [nomen nudum]
Invalid names: Lestodontinae Ameghino 1888 [empty], Mirandabradys zabasi Carlini et al. 2006 [nomen dubium], Nematheriinae Mercerat 1891 [empty], Urumacotheriinae Negri and Ferigolo 2004 [empty]
Invalid names: Eutardigrada Gaudin 1995 [synonym]
Superfm. †Mylodontoidea Gill 1872
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Invalid names: Tardigrada Latham and Davies 1795 [replaced]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available