PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Limaria

Bivalvia - Pectinida - Limidae

Taxonomy

Limaria was named by Link (1807) [Sepkoski's age data: K Albi R]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Lima (Limaria) by Hertlein and Strong (1946).

It was assigned to Lima by Hertlein and Strong (1946); to Pterioida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Limidae by Vokes (1973), Vokes (1980), Woodring (1982), Dockery (1982), Moore (1987), Beu et al. (1990), Lamprell and Whitehead (1992), Todd (2001), Marquet (2002) and Spencer et al. (2004).

Species

Lima (Promantellum) florpacifica, L. (Limaria), L. (Limatuella), L. (Limatulella) loscombii, L. (Limatulella) obliqua, L. hemphilli, L. labani, L. orientalis, L. pacifica, L. pellucida, Promantellum polynema

Species lacking formal opinion data

L. inflata

Synonyms

Promantellum was named by Iredale (1939). It is extant.

It was reranked as Lima (Promantellum) by Olsson and Petit (1964); it was synonymized subjectively with Limaria by Vokes (1973).

It was assigned to Lima by Olsson and Petit (1964); and to Limidae by Fleming (1966).
Limatulella was named by Sacco (1898). It is extant.

It was reranked as Lima (Limatulella) by Stenzel et al. (1957); it was synonymized subjectively with Limaria by Vokes (1973); it was reranked as Limaria (Limatulella) by Marquet (2002).

It was assigned to Lima by Stenzel et al. (1957); to Limidae by Vokes (1980); and to Limaria by Marquet (2002).
Winckworthia was named by Glibert and Van de Poel (1965). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Limaria by Vokes (1973).

It was assigned to Limidae by Vokes (1980).
Submantellum was named by Olsson and Harbison (1953). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Limaria by Vokes (1973).

It was assigned to Limidae by Vokes (1980).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1807	Limaria Link
1898	Limatulella Sacco
1939	Promantellum Iredale p. 385
1946	Lima (Limaria) Hertlein and Strong p. 66
1953	Submantellum Olsson and Harbison
1957	Lima (Limatulella) Stenzel et al. p. 88
1964	Lima (Promantellum) Olsson and Petit p. 528
1965	Winckworthia Glibert and Van de Poel
1966	Promantellum Fleming p. 22
1973	Limaria Vokes p. 91
1980	Limaria Vokes p. 61
1980	Limatulella Vokes p. 61
1980	Submantellum Vokes p. 62
1980	Winckworthia Vokes p. 62
1982	Limaria Dockery p. 52
1982	Limaria Woodring p. 605
1987	Limaria Moore p. C16
1990	Limaria Beu et al. p. 396
1992	Limaria Lamprell and Whitehead p. 38
2001	Limaria Todd
2002	Limaria Marquet
2002	Limaria (Limatulella) Marquet
2002	Limaria Sepkoski
2004	Limaria Spencer et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Bivalvia
—	Eubivalvia
subclass	Autobranchia	(Groblen 1894)
infraclass	Pteriomorphia	(Beurlen 1944)

Rank	Name	Author
—	Ostreomorphi	Ferussac 1822
—	Ostreioni	Ferussac 1822
—	Ostreata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Ostreiformii	Ferussac 1822
order	Pectinida	(Gray 1854)
suborder	Anomiidina	Gray 1854
—	Limoidei	(Moore 1952)
superfamily	Limoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Limidae	Rafinesque 1815
genus	Limaria	Link 1807

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Limaria Link 1807

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Subg. Limaria (Limaria) Link 1807

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†Limaria (Limaria) caloosana Dall 1898

†Limaria (Limaria) carolinensis Dall 1898

†Limaria (Limaria) chipolana Vokes 1973

†Limaria (Limaria) clarki Nelson 1925

Limaria (Limaria) hians Gmelin 1792

†Limaria (Limaria) orcutti Hertlein and Grant 1972

†Limaria (Limaria) papyria Conrad 1841

†Limaria (Limaria) smithvillensis Stenzel and Twining 1957

†Limaria (Limaria) staminea Conrad 1848

Limaria (Limaria) tuberculata Olivi 1792

Subg. Limaria (Limatuella)

Limaria hemphilli Hertlein and Strong 1946

†Limaria labani Meznerics 1936

Limaria orientalis Adams 1850

Limaria pacifica d'Orbigny 1846

Limaria pellucida Adams 1846

Invalid names: Limatulella Sacco 1898 [synonym], Promantellum Iredale 1939 [synonym], Submantellum Olsson and Harbison 1953 [synonym], Winckworthia Glibert and Van de Poel 1965 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitef

Composition 2:

low Mg calcitef

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

facultatively mobileg

Attached:

yesg

Life habit:

epifaunalg

Diet:

suspension feederg

Vision:

blindc

Comments:

LIFE HISTORY: EP, SW/MA, UN/BA, SU according to Todd (2001).g

Created:

2009-09-09 08:36:37

Modified:

2009-10-10 17:42:08

Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Sanchez Roig 1926, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ladinian to the top of the Holocene or 242.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 237.0 Ma

Collections (109 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Ladinian	242.0 - 237.0	USA (Nevada)	Limatulella sp. (100454)
Callovian	166.1 - 163.5	Yemen (Wadi Hajar)	L. sp. (2610)
Oxfordian	163.5 - 157.3	Yemen (Wadi Jahar)	L. mandawaensis (2554)
Oxfordian	163.5 - 157.3	Yemen (Wadi Hajar)	L. mandawaensis (2555)
Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian	163.5 - 152.1	Yemen (Wadi Hajar)	L. sp. (2586)
Kimmeridgian - Oxfordian	157.3 - 157.3	Yemen (Wadi Jahar)	L. sp. (2551)
Hauterivian - Valanginian	132.9 - 132.9	Italy (Sardinia)	L. dubisiensis (2089)
Albian	113.0 - 100.5	Italy (Sardinia)	L. elongata (2091)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Italy (Friuli-Venezia Giulia)	L. elongata (142757)
Late/Upper Coniacian - Early/Lower Campanian	89.3 - 70.6	Italy (Veneto)	L. echinata (142756)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	India	L. striatosulcata (1351)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Netherlands	L. ovata (1326)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Bulgaria	L. elongata (1332)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Poland	L. ovata (1321)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Serbia and Montenegro	L. szilyana (1380)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Afghanistan	L. ovata (1387)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Belgium	Limatulella emilyae (26890) Limatulella sp. (26879)
Selandian - Thanetian	61.6 - 56.0	Japan (Hokkaido)	L. sp. (206290)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	USA (California)	Lima clarki (239599)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	USA (Alabama)	Lima ozarkana (98307)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	USA (Texas)	Lima smithvillensis (90455)
Lutetian - Bartonian	47.8 - 38.0	USA (Texas)	Lima petropolitana (41441)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (Texas)	Lima petropolitana (90656)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Australia (South Australia)	Lima polynema (71407)
Runangan	36.0 - 34.3	New Zealand	Promantellum n. sp. (64819)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	Australia (Victoria)	L. polynema (71236)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	France (Essonne)	Lima sandbergeri (9180) L. sp. (9169 9171)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	USA (Mississippi)	Lima staminea (84137) L. sp. (5791 74081) L. staminea (5943 5944 6005)
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	New Zealand	Promantellum sp. (67600)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	Denmark (Jylland)	L. sandbergeri (9170)
Aquitanian	23.03 - 20.44	France (Aquitaine)	L. inflata (74865)
Aquitanian	23.03 - 20.44	Panama	L. sp. (42628 42630)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	USA (California)	L. sp. (196138)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	India	L. sp. (78641)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Argentina	Lima patagonia (71403)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	USA (Florida)	Lima carolinensis (42482) L. chipolana (92459 92460 92461 92549 92550 92551 92552 92556 92558 92560)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Slovakia	L. labani (160736)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Germany	L. tuberculata (164944)
Burdigalian	20.44 - 15.97	Austria	Lima hians (77406)
Langhian - Serravallian	15.97 - 11.62	Netherlands	L. loscombi (186883)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Bulgaria	L. tuberculata (60288 60291)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.62	USA (Florida)	Lima carolinensis (80018)
Badenian	13.65 - 12.7	Slovakia	L. inflata (73137)
Badenian	13.65 - 12.7	Poland	L. loscombii (51687)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	Morocco	L. loscombii (173165)
Tortonian - Messinian	11.62 - 5.333	Spain	Lima tuberculata (69788)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	USA (California)	Lima hemphilli (194796)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Algeria	L. tuberculata (69864 70864)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Belgium	L. hians, L. tuberculata (86802) L. tuberculata (86801)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	USA (South Carolina)	L. carolinensis (60940)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	United Kingdom (England)	Lima hians, Lima loscombii (84795) Lima loscombii (84755)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	USA (Florida)	Lima florpacifica (146873)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.588	USA (California)	Lima hemphilli (122281)
Pliocene - Pleistocene	5.333 - 0.0117	Malaysia	Lima orientalis (72099)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.588	Jamaica	L. sp. A (69089)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.588	USA (California)	Lima hemphilli (214966) L. orcutti (239469)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.588	USA (Florida)	Lima carolinensis (59484 67072 79797) L. carolinensis (92440)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.588	United Kingdom (England)	Lima loscombii (84764)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.588	USA (California)	Lima orcutti (226581)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.588	Belgium	L. loscombi (86805) L. tuberculata (86803 86804)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.588	Panama (Bocas del Toro)	L. sp. (61339)
Gelasian	2.588 - 1.806	USA (California)	Lima hemphilli (207762)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.781	USA (Florida)	Lima sp. (79331) L. chipolana (92335)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.781	USA (North Carolina)	L. sp. (80033)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.781	Italy	Lima hians (78312)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	Ecuador	Lima pacifica (62040)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	Japan	Promantellum hakodatense (97028)
Castlecliffian	1.63 - 0.34	New Zealand	L. orientalis (89043)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	USA (Florida)	Lima pellucida (67069)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	USA (California)	Lima dehiscens (222663 222995)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Ecuador	Lima pacifica (96867)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (California)	Lima dehiscens (59063 96895) Lima hemphilli (96566 160361 219030)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Uruguay	L. sp. (195933)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Thailand	L. sp. (67930)