PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Furcitellidae

Strophomenata - Strophomenida - Furcitellidae

Taxonomy

Furcitellinae was named by Williams (1965).

It was reranked as the family Furcitellidae by Congreve et al. (2019).

It was assigned to Strophomenidea by Roomusoks (2004); to Strophomenidae by Neuman and Bruton (1974), Williams et al. (2000), Popov et al. (2000), Cocks (2005), Cocks (2010), Rubel (2011), Hoel (2011), Jakobsen et al. (2014) and Liljeroth et al. (2017); and to Strophomenoidea by Congreve et al. (2019).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1965	Furcitellinae Williams
1974	Furcitellinae Neuman and Bruton
2000	Furcitellinae Popov et al.
2000	Furcitellinae Williams et al. p. 224
2004	Furcitellinae Roomusoks
2005	Furcitellinae Cocks p. 252
2010	Furcitellinae Cocks
2011	Furcitellinae Hoel
2011	Furcitellinae Rubel
2014	Furcitellinae Jakobsen et al.
2017	Furcitellinae Liljeroth et al.
2019	Furcitellidae Congreve et al. p. 281

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
—	Lophophorata
—	Panbrachiopoda	Carlson and Cohen 2020

Rank	Name	Author
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805
subphylum	Rhynchonelliformea	Williams et al. 1996
class	Strophomenata	Williams et al 1996
order	Strophomenida	Opik 1934
superfamily	Strophomenoidea	King 1846
family	Furcitellidae	(Williams 1965)
family	Furcitellidae	(Williams 1965)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Furcitellidae Williams 1965

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G. †Bajanhongorella

G. †Bekkerina Roomusoks 1993

†Bekkerina assatkini Alichova 1951

†Bekkerina dorsata Bekker 1921

†Oepikina dorsata media Öpik 1930

†Bekkerina raricostellata Roomusoks 1993

†Oepikina dorsata dorsata Alikhova 1953

G. †Biparetis Amsden 1974

†Biparetis caledonia Cocks 2008

†Biparetis paucirugosus Amsden 1974

G. †Crassoseptaria Roomusoks 2004

†Crassoseptaria virve Roomusoks 1985

G. †Cyphomenoidea Cocks 1968

Bellimurina (Cyphomenoidea) wisgoriensis Lamont and Gilbert 1945

†Cyphomenoidea bella Williams 1951

Cyphomenoidea wisgoriensis Lamont and Gilbert 1945

G. †Dactylogonia Ulrich and Cooper 1942

†Cyphomena homostriata indicissa Williams 1962

†Dactylogonia alternata Cooper 1956

†Dactylogonia blyskavensis Havlicek 1967

†Dactylogonia costellata Liljeroth et al. 2017

†Dactylogonia extensa Cooper 1956

†Dactylogonia geniculata Ulrich and Cooper 1942

†Dactylogonia homostriata Butts 1941

†Dactylogonia homostriata indiscissa Williams 1962

†Dactylogonia incrassata Hall 1847

†Dactylogonia multicorrugata Reed 1917

†Dactylogonia obsoleta Butts 1926

†Dactylogonia palustris Willard 1928

†Dactylogonia semiglobosina Davidson 1870

†Dactylogonia vespertina Ross 1970

Invalid names: Blyskavomena Havlicek 1976 [synonym], Cyphomena Cooper 1956 [synonym]

G. †Dzhebaglina

†Dzhebaglina plicata Popov et al. 2000

G. †Furcitella Cooper 1956

†Furcitella nodosa Dewing 1999

†Furcitella plicata Cooper 1956

†Furcitella scofieldi Winchell and Schuchert 1892

G. †Geniculina Roomusoks 1993

†Geniculina pseudoalternata Schmidt 1858

†Geniculina ralfi Roomusoks 2004

†Geniculina vironiensis Roomusoks 2004

†Geniculina voorensis Roomusoks 2004

G. †Geniculomena Percival 2009

†Geniculomena barnesi Percival 2009

G. †Haljalanites Roomusoks 2004

†Haljalanites anijana Opik 1930

†Haljalanites assatkini Alichova 1951

†Haljalanites grandis Alikhova 1953

G. †Karomena Popov et al. 2000

†Karomena squalida Popov et al. 2000

G. †Katastrophomena Cocks 1968

Subg. †Katastrophomena (Costistrophomena) Sheehan 1987

†Katastrophomena (Costistrophomena) costata Sheehan 1987

†Katastrophomena (Costistrophomena) magna Cocks 2005

Subg. †Katastrophomena (Katastrophomena) Cocks 1968

†Katastrophomena (Katastrophomena) penkillensis Reed 1917

†Katastrophomena (Katastrophomena) scabrosa Davidson 1847

†Katastrophomena (Katastrophomena) woodlandensis Reed 1917

†Katastrophomena admiratio Harper 2006

†Katastrophomena agrestis Bancroft 1949

†Katastrophomena antiquata de Sowerby and Murchison 1839

†Katastrophomena catalorni Sheehan 1987

†Katastrophomena dolhirensis Hiller 1980

†Katastrophomena mackenzii Jin and Harper 2024

†Katastrophomena maxima Rong et al. 1974

†Katastrophomena modesta Rong and Yang 1981

†Katastrophomena parvicardinis Jin and Chatterton 1997

†Katastrophomena penkillensis Reed 1917

†Katastrophomena radiireticulata Billings 1862

†Katastrophomena scabrosa Davidson 1847

†Katastrophomena scotica Bancroft 1949

†Katastrophomena woodlandensis Reed 1917

†Katastrophomena zheganensis Rong et al. 2013

†Strophomena antiquata woodlandensis Reed 1917

G. †Kirkina

†Kirkina millardensis Salmon 1942

G. †Laevicyphomena

G. †Luhaia Roomusoks 1956

†Luhaia bakanasensis Klenina 1984

†Luhaia candelabra Cocks 2005

†Luhaia vardi Roomusoks 1956

G. †Maakina

†Maakina parvuliformis Rozman 1972

G. †Mansina

G. †Megamyonia Wang 1949

†Megamyonia arethusa Billings 1862

†Megamyonia breviuscula Foerste 1917

†Megamyonia gracilis Twenhofel 1928

†Megamyonia knighti Wang 1949

†Megamyonia mankini Alberstadt 1973

†Megamyonia nitens Billings 1860

†Megamyonia unicostata Meek and Worthen 1868

†Megamyonia vaurealensis Twenhofel 1928

†Strophomena imbrex semiglobosina Davidson 1870

G. †Molongcola Percival 1991

†Molongcola variabilis Percival 1991

G. †Murinella Cooper 1956

†Murinella biconvexa Cooper 1956

†Murinella muralis Cooper 1956

†Murinella partita Cooper 1956

†Murinella walliensis Percival 1991

G. †Oepikina Salmon 1942

†Oepikina anijana Opik 1930

†Oepikina anijana anijana Alikhova 1953

†Oepikina anijana grandis Alikhova 1953

†Oepikina banksi Laurie 1991

†Oepikina lata Whiteaves 1896

†Oepikina limbrata Wang 1949

†Oepikina minnesotensis Winchell 1881

†Oepikina pergibbosa Foerste 1917

Invalid names: Oepikina altidorsata Bradley 1921 [synonym]

†Oepikina septata Salmon 1942

†Oepikina speciosa Cooper 1956

Invalid names: Oepikinella [synonym]

G. †Oslomena Spjeldnaes 1957

†Oslomena celtica Harper 1952

†Oslomena osloensis Spjeldnaes 1957

†Oslomena papillo Spjeldnaes 1957

G. †Panderites Roomusoks 1993

†Panderites imbrex Pander 1830

Invalid names: Plectambonites triangularis Pander 1830 [synonym]

G. †Pentlandina Bancroft 1949

†Pentlandina harperi Zhang 1989

†Pentlandina lamelliformis Jin and Chatterton 1997

†Pentlandina lewisii Davidson 1847

†Pentlandina loveni Verneuil 1848

†Pentlandina parvula Kindle 1915

†Pentlandina tartana Bancroft 1949

G. †Quondongia Percival 1991

†Quondongia alitis Percival 1991

G. †Sakunites Roomusoks 2004

†Sakunites luhi Sokolskaya 1954

G. †Tallinnites Roomusoks 1993

†Tallinnites imbrexoidea Sokolskaya 1954

†Tallinnites peetriensis Roomusoks 2004

Invalid names: Kukrusena Roomusoks 2004 [synonym]

G. †Teratelasmella

†Teratelasmella chugaevae Popov et al. 2002

G. †Titanomena Bergström 1968

†Titanomena grandis Bergström 1968

G. †Transridgeia Rasmussen et al. 2012

†Transridgeia costata Rasmussen et al. 2012

G. †Trigrammaria Wilson 1945

†Trigrammaria altilis Wilson 1945

†Trigrammaria ampla Percival 1991

†Trigrammaria cassata Williams 1962

†Trigrammaria estonica Roomusoks 1985

†Trigrammaria minima Roomusoks 1985

†Trigrammaria trigonalis Wilson 1945

†Trigrammaria winchelli Hall and Clarke 1892

Invalid names: Microtrypa Wilson 1945 [synonym]

G. †Trotlandella Neuman and Bruton 1974

†Trotlandella loki Neuman and Bruton 1974

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calcitep

Environment:

marineuc

Locomotion:

stationaryo

Attached:

yesp

Life habit:

epifaunalo

Diet:

suspension feedero

Vision:

blindc

Created:

2004-02-28 14:13:23

Modified:

2009-04-13 11:03:33

Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Aseri to the top of the Silurian or 463.50000 to 419.20000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 461.1 Ma

Collections (851 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Ordovician	485.4 - 443.8	USA (New York)	Oepikina sp. (332)
Middle Ordovician	470.0 - 458.4	USA (Tennessee)	Dactylogonia sp., Oepikina sp. (319)
Middle Ordovician	470.0 - 458.4	USA (New York)	Oepikina sp. (334) Oepikina sp., Trigrammaria sp. (333)
Chazyan	470.0 - 457.3	USA (Tennessee)	Dactylogonia alternata (204094 204097) Dactylogonia geniculata (164884) Dactylogonia sp. (308)
Chazyan	470.0 - 457.3	Canada (Northwest Territories)	Oepikina sp. (312 314)
Chazyan	470.0 - 457.3	USA (Vermont)	Leptaena incrassata (101749)
Chazyan	470.0 - 457.3	USA (New York)	Leptaena incrassata (172144 172180 172184 172199) Rafinesquina incrassata (171704 171798 172226 172232 172233 172234 172235 172239 172240 172316 172317 172318 172319 172320 172330 172331 172336 172346 172347 172348)
Chazyan	470.0 - 457.3	Canada (Ontario)	Rafinesquina incrassata (172356)
Chazyan	470.0 - 457.3	Canada (Quebec)	Dactylogonia sp. (305 307) Leptaena incrassata (186175 204095) Rafinesquina incrassata (172209 172351)
Whiterockian	470.0 - 457.3	USA (Utah)	Kirkina millardensis (186173)
Whiterockian	470.0 - 457.3	USA (Nevada)	Dactylogonia sp. (104389 104532) Dactylogonia vespertina (104386 104406)
Whiterockian	470.0 - 457.3	USA (Virginia)	Dactylogonia alternata (204096)
Abereiddian	468.0 - 461.1	United Kingdom (Scotland)	Dactylogonia sp. (164926)
Early/Lower Llanvirn	468.0 - 461.1	Norway (Trøndelag)	Trotlandella loki (191062)
Llanvirn	468.0 - 458.4	United Kingdom (Shropshire)	Murinella sp. (45060)
Abereiddian - Aurelucian	468.0 - 456.6	Ireland	Dactylogonia costellata (188886 188892 188894)
Darriwilian	467.3 - 458.4	Australia (Tasmania)	Murinella sp., Oepikina banksi (173680)
Darriwilian	467.3 - 458.4	USA (Virginia)	Dactylogonia geniculata (162406)
Early/Lower Llandeilo	466.0 - 460.9	Russian Federation (Siberia)	Oepikina turgida (9295)
Aseri	463.5 - 460.9	Estonia (Harju)	Panderites imbrex (168498)