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Gnathophiurina

Ophiuroidea - Amphilepidida

Taxonomy
Gnathophiurida was named by Matsumoto (1915). It is extant.

It was reranked as the suborder Gnathophiurina by Spencer and Wright (1966), O'Hara et al. (2017) and O'Hara et al. (2018).

It was assigned to Myophiuroida by Matsumoto (1915); to Ophiurida by Spencer and Wright (1966); and to Amphilepidida by O'Hara et al. (2017) and O'Hara et al. (2018).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1915Gnathophiurida Matsumoto p. 66
1966Gnathophiurina Spencer and Wright p. U99
2017Gnathophiurina O'Hara et al.
2018Gnathophiurina O'Hara et al. p. 20

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumEleutherozoa
—Asterozoa()
RankNameAuthor
classOphiuroidea
suborderMyophiurina()
infraclassMetophiuridaMatsumoto 1913
superorderOphintegrida
orderAmphilepidida
suborderGnathophiurina()
suborderGnathophiurina()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. Gnathophiurina Matsumoto 1915
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Superfm. Amphiuroidea Ljungman 1867
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Fm. Amphiuridae Ljungman 1867
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G. Amphioplus Verrill 1899
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†Amphioplus uchigoensis Ishida 1992
G. Amphiura Forbes 1843
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†Amphiura cretacea Spencer 1907
†Amphiura lymani Waring 1917
†Amphiura plana Kutscher and Jagt 2000
†Amphiura sanctaecrucis Arnold 1908
G. †Bibophiura Bignot et al. 1987
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†Bibophiura operculifera Bignot et al. 1987
G. †Deckersamphiura Jagt 2000
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†Deckersamphiura vitea Jagt 2001
G. Nullamphiura Fell 1962
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†Nullamphiura felli Skwarko 1963
G. Ophiocnida Lyman 1865
G. †Xanthamphiura Hess 1970
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Invalid names: Amphiurinae Matsumoto 1915 [empty], Ophiactininae Matsumoto 1915 [empty]
Invalid names: Amphilepididae Matsumoto 1915 [empty]
Superfm. Ophiactoidea Matsumoto 1915
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Fm. Ophiactidae Matsumoto 1915
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G. Ophiactis Lütken 1856
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†Ophiactis applegatei Martin-Medrano et al. 2009
†Ophiactis sulcata Kutscher and Jagt 2000
Fm. Ophiopholidae O'Hara et al. 2018
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G. Ophiopholis Müller and Troschel 1840
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Fm. Ophiotrichidae Ljungman 1867
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G. Ophiothela Verrill 1867
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†Ophiothela semirotunda Kutscher and Jagt 2000
G. Ophiothrix Müller and Troschel 1840
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†Ophiothrix bongaertsi Kutscher and Jagt 2000
†Ophiothrix cristata Kutscher and Jagt 2000
†Ophiothrix royeri de Loriol 1872
Invalid names: Ophiothamnidae O'Hara et al. 2018 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
H. Matsumoto 1915Radial shield and genital plate articulate by means of a conspicuous socket in the former and of a large, ball-like condyle on the latter. Genital plates, as a rule, firmly fixed to the basal vertebrae. Genital scales short, very wide, flattened, leaf-like. On abradial side of innermost part of each genital slit occurs another short, wide, flattened, leaf-like scale, which is firmly attached to oral shield. Peristomal plates small, or rarely large, usually entire, but. sometimes double. Oral frames, as a rule, with well-developed lateral wings.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitec
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinec
Locomotion: slow-movingc
Life habit: low-level epifaunalc
Diet: detritivorec
Diet 2: suspension feederc
Vision: blindc
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2004-02-29 11:30:09
Modified: 2010-02-12 01:58:57
Source: c = class, p = phylum
References: Aberhan 1992, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Toarcian to the top of the Tortonian or 183.00000 to 7.24600 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 182.0 Ma

Collections (39 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Toarcian183.0 - 182.0United Kingdom Ophiopholis trispinosa (62253)
Early/Lower Toarcian - Middle Toarcian183.0 - 175.6Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Ophiopholis trispinosa (31987)
Late/Upper Toarcian180.1 - 175.6Germany (Thüringen) Ophiopholis trispinosa (31988)
Middle Aalenian - Early/Lower Bajocian175.6 - 168.4Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Ophiopholis trispinosa (31990)
Early/Lower Oxfordian161.2 - 155.7France Ophiopholis trispinosa (61718 61719)
Late/Upper Oxfordian161.2 - 155.7France (Haut-Rhin) Ophiothrix royeri (62062)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Amphiuridae indet. (35262)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0France (Var) Amphiuridae indet. (58575)
Late/Upper Hauterivian136.4 - 130.0Switzerland (Neuchatel) Xanthamphiura hauteriviensis (31986)
Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian109.0 - 99.6Mexico (Puebla) Ophiura sp. (80283)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Australia (Northern Territory) Nullamphiura felli (80267)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5United Kingdom (England) Amphiura cretacea (59055)
Late/Upper Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian99.6 - 89.3Czech Republic Amphiura plana (58092)
Early/Lower Turonian93.5 - 89.3Czech Republic Amphiura plana (62041)
Late/Upper Turonian93.5 - 89.3Czech Republic Amphiura plana (99235)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Belgium (Liege) Amphiura plana, Ophiothrix bongaertsi, Ophiothrix cristata, Ophiactis sulcata (32147)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Netherlands (Limburg) Deckersamphiura vitea (32037)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Amphiura plana (32024)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6France (Landes) Amphiura sp. (213857 213878) Ophiactis sp. (38810) Ophiothela sp. (38809) Ophiothrix sp. (86448 213855)
Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (California) Amphiura lymani (193033)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Mexico (Chihuahua) Amphiura sp. (80284)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0France (Landes) Ophiactis sp. (214113)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Belgium (Liege) Amphiura plana (32148)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) Amphiura plana, Ophiothela semirotunda, Ophiothrix bongaertsi, Ophiothrix cristata, Ophiactis sulcata (32022)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian - Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Denmark Amphiura plana, Ophiothela semirotunda, Ophiothrix cristata, Ophiactis sulcata (32023)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Netherlands (Limburg) Deckersamphiura inusitata (32167)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Netherlands Ophiothrix bongaertsi (32162)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Danian70.6 - 61.6Netherlands Amphiura plana, Deckersamphiura inusitata (32160)
Danian66.0 - 61.6France Bibophiura operculifera (138222)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.03Japan (Fukushima) Amphioplus uchigoensis (32038)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Venezuela (Zulia) Amphioplus venezuelanus (204605)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (California) Amphiura sanctaecrucis (59159)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333USA (California) Amphiura santaecrucis (37547)