| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Hexapodidae
Taxonomy
Hexapodidae was named by Miers (1886). It is extant. Its type is Hexapus.
It was assigned to Xanthoidea by Schweitzer and Feldmann (2001), Schweitzer and Feldmann (2002), Schweitzer (2005); to Goneplacoidea by Karasawa and Schweitzer (2006), Schweitzer et al. (2010); and to Hexapodoidea by Feldmann et al. (1995), Schweitzer et al. (2000), Luque et al. (2017), Schweitzer et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Xanthoidea by Schweitzer and Feldmann (2001), Schweitzer and Feldmann (2002), Schweitzer (2005); to Goneplacoidea by Karasawa and Schweitzer (2006), Schweitzer et al. (2010); and to Hexapodoidea by Feldmann et al. (1995), Schweitzer et al. (2000), Luque et al. (2017), Schweitzer et al. (2022).
Subtaxa
Bellhexapus, Eohexapus, Eurohexapus, Goniocypoda, Headonipus, Hexapinus, Hexaplax, Hexapodinae, Hexapus (type genus), Holthuisea, Lambdophallus, Latohexapus, Mariaplax, Paeduma, Palaeopinnixa, Parahexapus, Pseudohexapus, Spiroplax, Stevea, Thaumastoplax, Tritoplax
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1886 | Hexapodidae Miers |
| 1995 | Hexapodidae Feldmann et al. p. 15 |
| 2000 | Hexapodidae Schweitzer et al. p. 55 |
| 2001 | Hexapodidae Schweitzer and Feldmann p. 331 |
| 2002 | Hexapodidae Schweitzer and Feldmann p. 961 |
| 2005 | Hexapodidae Schweitzer p. 289 |
| 2006 | Hexapodidae Karasawa and Schweitzer p. 58 |
| 2010 | Hexapodidae Schweitzer et al. p. 135 |
| 2017 | Hexapodidae Luque et al. p. 24 |
| 2022 | Hexapodidae Schweitzer et al. p. 14 |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Hexapodidae Miers 1886
show all | hide all
G. †Eohexapus De Angeli et al. 2010
+
†Eohexapus albertii De Angeli et al. 2010
†Eohexapus orthogonius Beschin et al. 2012
G. †Goniocypoda Woodward 1867
+
†Goniocypoda audensis Secrétan 1971
†Goniocypoda collinsi Crane and Quayle 1986
†Goniocypoda edwardsi Woodward 1868
†Goniocypoda elmorensis Crane and Quayle 1986
†Goniocypoda quaylei Crane 1981
†Goniocypoda rajasthanica Glaessner and Rao 1960
†Goniocypoda sindensis Glaessner 1933
†Goniocypoda sulcata Carter 1898
†Goniocypoda tessieri Remy and Tessier 1954
†Goniocypoda transsilvanica Bittner 1893
†Goniocypoda verheyeni Fraaije et al. 2007
G. †Hexapinus Manning and Holthuis 1981
G. †Hexaplax Doflein 1904
G. Hexapus De Haan 1833
+
Hexapus anfractus Rathbun 1909
†Hexapus decapoda Morris and Collins 1991
†Hexapus estuarinus Sankarankutty 1975
†Hexapus granuliformis Karasawa and Kato 2008
†Hexapus nakajimai Imaizumi 1959
†Hexapus pinfoldi Collins and Morris 1978
†Hexapus sexpes Fabricius 1798
G. †Lambdophallus Alcock 1900
G. †Latohexapus Huang et al. 2002
G. †Paeduma Rathbun 1897
G. †Palaeopinnixa Via 1966
+
†Palaeopinnixa alontensis De Angeli et al. 2010
†Palaeopinnixa eocenica Woods 1922
†Palaeopinnixa granulosa Schweitzer and Feldmann 2002
†Palaeopinnixa heckeri Birshtein 1956
†Palaeopinnixa intermedia Collins and Morris 1976
†Palaeopinnixa mytilicola Via 1966
†Palaeopinnixa perornata Collins and Morris 1976
†Palaeopinnixa prima Rathbun 1918
†Palaeopinnixa rathbunae Schweitzer et al. 2000
+
Invalid names: Pinnixa eocenica Rathbun 1926 [replaced]
†Palaeopinnixa rocaensis Feldmann et al. 1995
†Palaeopinnixa rotunda Schweitzer and Feldmann 2001
†Pinnixa (Palaeopinnixa) mytilicola Via 1966
†Pinnixa (Palaeopinnixa) nodosa Collins and Wienberg Rasmussen 1992
G. †Parahexapus Balass 1922
G. †Pseudohexapus Monod 1956
G. †Spiroplax Manning and Holthuis 1981
G. Stevea Manning and Holthuis 1981
+
†Stevea cesarii Beschin et al. 1994
†Stevea martini Feldmann et al. 2014
Stevea williamsi Glassell 1938
+
†Thaumastoplax anomalipes Miers 1881
Thaumastoplax chuenensis Rathbun 1909
†Thaumastoplax eocenica Woods 1922
Thaumastoplax orientalis Rathbun 1909
†Thaumastoplax prima Rathbun 1918
G. †Tritoplax Manning and Holthuis 1981
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| C. E. Schweitzer and R. M. Feldmann 2001 | arapace rectangular, or rarely, trapezoidal; wider than long, average LAV about 0.68 with range of 0.57-0.83; lat- eral margins steep; regions typically poorly or moderately well defined. Front typically widest distally, axially sulcate, usually extending at least weakly beyond orbits, not deflexed. Orbits usu- ally rimmed, upper margin sinuous; straight frontal margin only partially occupied by orbits, except in Goniocypoda and Globih- exapus; fronto-orbital width to width ratio averaging about 0.45, range of 0.32-0.64; fronto-orbital width to posterior width ratio averaging about 0.63, range of 0.34-0.86. Anterolateral and pos- terolateral margins indistinguishable, often with rim or ridge par- allel to lateral margin; posterolateral reentrant moderately well developed; posterior margin sometimes with small reentrant axial to posterolateral comer; posterior width to maximum width ratio ranging from 0.73-0.93, except in Globihexapus (0.59) and Spi- roplax (0.61). Regions usually poorly defined. Stemite 4 with anterior projections. Stemite 8 obscured and pereiopods 5 miss- ing. Male abdominal somites exhibiting fusion, usually somites 3-5. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
| Source: o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Turnsek 1997, Aberhan 1992 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Danian to the top of the Calabrian or 66.00000 to 0.77400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.66 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.66 Ma
Collections (44 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Danian | Greenland | Pinnixa nodosa (22943) | |
| Danian | Argentina (Rio Negro) | Thaumastoplax rocaensis (5162) | |
| Danian | USA (Alabama) | Stevea martini (164850) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | Peru (Talara) | Thaumastoplax eocenica (165441) | |
| Ypresian | Italy | Stevea cesarii (207595) | |
| Ypresian | France | Goniocypoda audensis (226630) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Oregon) | Palaeopinnixa rathbunae (237931 237932 237933 237934 237936) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene | Barbados | Pinnixa perornata (185880) | |
| Eocene | USA (Washington) | Palaeopinnixa eocenica (138984) | |
| Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | Goniocypoda edwardsi (135541) | |
| Lutetian | Italy | Eohexapus orthogonius (207553) Stevea cesarii (176657) | |
| Lutetian | Italy (Vicenza) | Bellhexapus granulatus, Stevea cesarii (184968) | |
| Lutetian | USA (California) | Palaeopinnixa granulosa (200664) | |
| Lutetian | Italy (Monte Bolca, Verona) | Bellhexapus granulatus, Eohexapus albertii, Eurohexapus lobatus, Palaeopinnixa alontensis (127283) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Washington) | Palaeopinnixa rathbunae (202157) | |
| Lutetian - Priabonian | Egypt | Goniocypoda transsilvanica (232605) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Oregon) | Palaeopinnixa rotundus (202318) | |
| Bartonian | Pakistan (Northwest Frontier) | Hexapus pinfoldi (202287) | |
| Bartonian - Priabonian | United Kingdom (England) | Goniocypoda edwardsi (140451) | |
| Priabonian | Italy | Bellhexapus granulatus (226756) Bellhexapus granulatus, Palaeopinnixa alontensis (226744) Palaeopinnixa sp. (134950) | |
| Priabonian | Netherlands | Goniocypoda verheyeni (207746) | |
| Aquitanian | Panama | Thaumastoplax prima (42624) | |
| Aquitanian | Mexico (Chiapas) | Palaeopinnixa perornata (133885) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Venezuela (Lara) | Palaeopinnixa perornata (46384) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Japan (Aichi) | Hexapinus sp. (219250) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Colombia (Atlantico) | Palaeopinnixa perornata (228494) | |
| Burdigalian | Japan | Hexapus nakajimai (169411) | |
| Burdigalian | Japan (Gifu) | Paeduma sp. (46950) | |
| Burdigalian | Venezuela (Falcon) | Palaeopinnixa perornata (228725) | |
| Middle Miocene | Trinidad and Tobago | Thaumastoplax prima (74919) | |
| Serravallian | Trinidad and Tobago | Thaumastoplax intermedia (171482) | |
| Serravallian - Tortonian | Malaysia (Sarawak) | Hexapus decapodus (175181) | |
| Tortonian | Malaysia (Sabah) | Hexapus decapodus (185833) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Brunei Darussalam | Prepaeduma decapoda (173581 173590 173591) | |
| Gelasian - Calabrian | Philippines (Mindanao) | Hexapus granuliformis (224586) |