PBDB Taxon

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Permasyrinxinae

Rhynchonellata - Spiriferinida - Syringothyrididae

Taxonomy

Permasyrinxinae was named by Waterhouse (1986). Its type is Permasyrinx.

It was assigned to Syringothyrididae by Williams et al. (2006).

Subtaxa

Asyrinxia, Cundaria, Cyrtella (syn. Punctocyrtella, Asyrinx), Kungaella, Kyutepia, Myodelthyrium, Pachycyrtella, Permasyrinx (type genus), Petinospiriferina, Primorewia, Pseudosyringothyris, Pseudosyrinx, Subansiria, Sulcicosta, Syrella, Verkhotomia, Woolagia

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1986	Permasyrinxinae Waterhouse p. 3
2006	Permasyrinxinae Williams et al. p. 1899

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
—	Lophophorata
—	Panbrachiopoda	Carlson and Cohen 2020
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805

Rank	Name	Author
subphylum	Rhynchonelliformea	Williams et al. 1996
class	Rhynchonellata	Williams et al. 1996
order	Spiriferinida	Ivanova 1972
suborder	Spiriferinidina	Ivanova 1972
superfamily	Syringothyridoidea	Frederiks 1926
family	Syringothyrididae	Fredericks 1926
subfamily	Permasyrinxinae
subfamily	Permasyrinxinae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. †Permasyrinxinae Waterhouse 1986

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G. †Asyrinxia

G. †Cundaria Archbold 1996

†Cundaria aquilaformis Archbold 1996

G. †Cyrtella Fredericks 1924

†Cyrtella allandalensis Armstrong 1970

†Cyrtella berriedalensis Waterhouse 1987

†Cyrtella campbelli Armstrong 1970

†Cyrtella erecta Waterhouse 1987

†Cyrtella furcata Waterhouse 1987

†Cyrtella granulata Armstrong 1970

†Cyrtella koopi Archbold 1990

†Cyrtella kulikiana Fredericks 1916

†Cyrtella nagmargensis Bion 1928

†Cyrtella nobilis Armstrong 1970

†Cyrtella rhombica Chen 2004

†Cyrtella subparallela Waterhouse 1987

†Cyrtella ulladullensis Armstrong 1970

Invalid names: Asyrinx [synonym], Punctocyrtella Plodowski 1968 [synonym]

G. †Kungaella Solomina 1988

†Kungaella inopinata Solomina 1970

G. †Kyutepia Klets 1998

†Kyutepia alata Klets 1998

G. †Myodelthyrium Thomas 1985

†Myodelthyrium dickinsi Thomas 1971

G. †Pachycyrtella Angiolini 2001

†Pachycyrtella omanensis Angiolini 2001

G. †Permasyrinx

†Permasyrinx procera Armstrong 1970

†Permasyrinx prolonga Waterhouse 1987

†Permasyrinx subelongata Waterhouse 1987

†Permasyrinx transversa Armstrong 1970

G. †Petinospiriferina Shen and Clapham 2009

†Petinospiriferina subtriangularis Schellwien 1900

G. †Primorewia Licharew and Kotlyar 1978

†Primorewia reshetnikov Licharew and Kotlyar 1978

G. †Pseudosyringothyris Fredericks 1916

†Pseudosyringothyris borealis Gobbett 1964

†Pseudosyringothyris karpinskii Fredericks 1916

†Pseudosyringothyris russiensis Zavodowsky 1968

†Pseudosyringothyris ustritskyi Kalashnikov 1981

G. †Pseudosyrinx

†Pseudosyrinx procera Armstrong 1970

†Pseudosyrinx sinuosa Thomas 1971

G. †Subansiria Sahni and Srivastava 1956

†Subansiria brevis Armstrong 1970

†Subansiria pelicanensis Armstrong 1970

†Subansiria ranganensis Sahni and Srivastava 1956

G. †Sulcicosta

†Sulcicosta costata Waterhouse 1987

†Sulcicosta dolosus Waterhouse 1987

†Sulcicosta plicata Armstrong 1970

G. †Syrella Archbold 1996

†Syrella elongata Armstrong 1970

†Syrella occidenta Archbold 1996

†Syrella plodowskii Waterhouse 1978

G. †Verkhotomia

†Verkhotomia plenoides Sokolskaja 1963

†Verkhotomia stepanovi Zavodowsky 1968

†Verkhotomia tukulaensis Kashirtsev 1959

†Verkhotomia verkhotomica Sokolskaja 1963

G. †Woolagia Archbold 1997

†Woolagia playfordi Archbold 1997

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calcitep

Environment:

marineuc

Locomotion:

stationaryo

Attached:

yesp

Life habit:

low-level epifaunalo

Diet:

suspension feedero

Vision:

blindc

Created:

2018-11-10 18:08:52

Modified:

2018-11-10 18:08:52

Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range: base of the Kinderhookian to the top of the Changhsingian or 358.90000 to 252.17000 Ma

Collections (353 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Kinderhookian	358.9 - 352.0	USA (Iowa)	Verkhotomia sp. (62482)
Kinderhookian	358.9 - 352.0	Canada (Northwest Territories)	Pseudosyrinx sp. (62431)
Kinderhookian	358.9 - 352.0	Canada (Yukon)	Pseudosyrinx sp. (548)
Tournaisian	358.9 - 346.7	Chile	Pseudosyrinx sp. (34753)
Tournaisian	358.9 - 346.7	USA (Oklahoma)	Pseudosyrinx missouriensis (5614)
Tournaisian	358.9 - 346.7	USA (Missouri)	Pseudosyrinx missouriensis (65693)
Tournaisian	358.9 - 346.7	Australia (New South Wales)	Asyrinxia lata (5615 58015 58018)
Tournaisian	358.9 - 346.7	USA (Iowa)	Verkhotomia calvini (141605 141607 141608 141609 141610 141611 141612)
Tournaisian	358.9 - 346.7	Canada (Alberta)	Verkhotomia jucunda (67301 67304 67310 67312 67314 67317 67318 67321 67322 67323 67325 67327 67332)
Chadian - Arundian	346.7 - 340.0	USA (Indiana)	Pseudosyrinx gigas (8117 8119 8121 8126 8128 8136 8137) Pseudosyrinx sp. (556)
Visean	346.7 - 330.9	Australia (New South Wales)	Asyrinxia lata (5603 46908 46909 46913 46924) Asyrinxia lata, Pseudosyrinx exsuperans (46880 46941 62638)
Visean	346.7 - 330.9	Iran	Pseudosyringothyris sp. (90015)
Meramecian	343.0 - 335.5	USA (Nevada)	Pseudosyrinx desiderata (62674 62729 62842)
Brigantian	336.0 - 330.9	Australia (New South Wales)	Asyrinxia lata, Pseudosyrinx exsuperans (8222)
Bashkirian	323.2 - 315.2	Russian Federation (Verkhoyansk)	Verkhotomia tukilaensis (44259) Verkhotomia tukulaensis (44263)
Desmoinesian	312.8 - 306.0	USA (Utah)	Verkhotomia sp. (59852 59861 237050 237057 237060) Verkhotomia sp., Verkhotomia plenoides (59853 59860 59862 237051 237059 237061)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	Russian Federation	Cyrtella stepanovi (94863 94867 95054 121554 121555 121556 121557)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	Slovenia	Spirifer subtriangularis (129658)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	China (Yunnan)	Punctocyrtella yunnanensis (61505)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	Afghanistan	Cyrtella nagmargensis (88265)
Asselian	298.9 - 295.5	Australia (Western Australia)	Cyrtella australis (119256 119257)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Indonesia	Punctocyrtella sp. (61447 83149)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	India	Cyrtella nagmargensis (89375 89376 89378 117909) Subansiria ranganensis (39932 117914) Subansiria sp. (117913 117916 117920)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Australia (Western Australia)	Cyrtella koopi (101209) Cyrtella sp. (88214 95189 95199 95203 95204 95205 95206 95214 95215 95216 101138) Myodelthyrium dickinsi (83003 167925) Pseudosyringothyris dickinsi (84508 84583 85218 85324 95044 119117 119252 119253 119254 119255) Pseudosyringothyris dickinsi, Cyrtella australis (84578 84582 85923) Syringothyris exsuperans (131545 131548)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Russian Federation	Pseudosyringothyris ustritskyi (109938) Pseudosyrinx tukulaensis, Pseudosyrinx nagmargensis (110289)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	China (Xinjiang)	Cyrtella rhombica (35514)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Brazil	Cyrtella sp. (155153)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Oman	Cyrtella nagmargensis (101076 101078) Cyrtella sp. (121838 121844 121849) Cyrtella sp., Subansiria sp. (121846) Cyrtella sp., Subansiria sp., Punctocyrtella spinosa (101081) Pachycyrtella omanensis (111034 111036 111037 111038 111039 111040 111041 111042 111043 111044 111046 111047 111048 111049 111050) Punctocyrtella spinosa (101077 121845 121848) Subansiria sp. (101080 101084 121850) Subansiria sp., Punctocyrtella spinosa (101079 101083)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Tajikistan	Punctocyrtella gigantea (109591 109594 109595) Punctocyrtella spinosa (100333)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Afghanistan	Licharewia spinosa (88400 88401 119245) Punctocyrtella nagmargensis (116414) Punctocyrtella spinosa (97246)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	India (Kashmir)	Syringothyris nagmargensis (86543 86545)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	India (Arunachal Pradesh)	Subansiria ranganensis, Syringothyris nagmargensis (83007)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	China (Yunnan)	Punctocyrtella australis (61506 61507 61509 61510)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	China (Xizang)	Cyrtella nagmargensis, Subansiria ranganensis (82294) Syringothyris nagmargensis (110094)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Australia (Tasmania)	Pseudosyrinx allandalensis (105476 105478 105480 105484 105494)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Australia (New South Wales)	Pseudosyrinx allandalensis (101575) Pseudosyrinx allandalensis, Subansiria procera (84590) Pseudosyrinx n. sp. (214495 214497) Pseudosyrinx sp. (95714 156137 156138 156141)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	Pakistan	Cyrtella nagmargensis (50596 123224)
Sakmarian - Artinskian	293.52 - 279.3	China (Yunnan)	Cyrtella sp. (234358)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Russian Federation	Cyrtella kulikiana (110204) Kyutepia alata (102006 102007) Pseudosyringothyris inopinatus (124097)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Australia (Queensland)	Cyrtella erecta (66266 66271 66272) Cyrtella sp. nov (103398 103399) Cyrtella sp. nov. (103400) Permasyrinx elongata (66235 66236 66238 66246 66247 66248 66251 66253 66254 66256 66257 120382 120637) Permasyrinx elongata, Cyrtella subparallela (66237 66239 66240 66241 66242 66243 66244 66245 66249 66250 66252 120636) Permasyrinx procera (66208 66210 66211 66215 66217 66219 102819 102821 102830 102834 102836 102859 102860) Pseudosyrinx allandalensis (101572) Spirifer tasmaniensis (103948) Subansiria elongata, Subansiria procera, Subansiria granulata (101542) Subansiria granulata (101565 101567 101577 103089 103091) Subansiria procera (66207 101563) Subansiria sp. (103437 103438 103442) Subansiria transversa (66265)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Mongolia	Primorewia reshetnikovi (116246 116247)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	China (Yunnan)	Cyrtella sp. (117762)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Australia (Western Australia)	Cundaria aquilaformis (66120) Cyrtella sp. (123786) Cyrtella sp. A (101150 101153) Cyrtella sp., Woolagia playfordi (66119) Pseudosyringothyris dickinsi (85027 119251) Pseudosyrinx sinuosa (66184 136392) Syrella occidenta (85844)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	Afghanistan	Cyrtella sp., Cyrtella nagmargensis (94962)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Russian Federation	Cyrtella kulikiana (110007 110179) Cyrtella kulikiana, Pseudosyringothyris karpinskii (110008) Cyrtella sp. (109945) Primorewia reshetnikov (82076 225519) Primorewia reshetnikovi (186593) Primorewia sp. (225521) Pseudosyringothyris inopinatus (133511) Pseudosyringothyris karpinskii (81149 81151)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Australia (Queensland)	Permasyrinx elongata, Permasyrinx subelongata (66227) Permasyrinx subelongata (66222 66223 66232) Permasyrinx subelongata, Cyrtella subparallela (66233) Permasyrinx subelongata, Sulcicosta costata (66221) Subansiria granulata (101561) Subansiria procera, Permasyrinx subelongata (66220) Subansiria sp. (103436)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Australia (Tasmania)	Subansiria granulata (101562) Subansiria nobilis (101566)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Mongolia	Primorewia reshetnikovi (116248 116249 116253 116254)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Australia (Western Australia)	Spirifera avicula, Spirifera sp. (101512)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Svalbard and Jan Mayen	Pseudosyringothyris borealis (120921)
Kungurian - Roadian	279.3 - 268.8	Australia (New South Wales)	Subansiria nobilis (101576) Subansiria ulladullensis (84589)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	Australia (New South Wales)	Pseudosyrinx plicata (98080) Subansiria ulladullensis (101574 101578)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	Australia (Queensland)	Permasyrinx prolonga (66279) Permasyrinx sp., Permasyrinx prolonga (66276)
Roadian	272.3 - 268.8	Canada (Yukon)	Pseudosyrinx sp. (10244 121736)
Roadian - Wordian	272.3 - 264.28	Russian Federation	Pseudosyringothyris russiensis (121558)
Wordian	266.9 - 264.28	Australia (New South Wales)	Subansiria procera (101564) Subansiria sp. (101556)
Wordian	266.9 - 264.28	Australia (Queensland)	Cyrtella nobilis (120324) Pseudosyrinx procera (83278) Subansiria campbelli (101571)
Wordian	266.9 - 264.28	Australia (Tasmania)	Pseudosyrinx sp. (51319)
Wordian	266.9 - 264.28	Svalbard and Jan Mayen (Barentsøya)	Cyrtella kulikiana (212888)
Wordian	266.9 - 264.28	China (Nei Mongol)	Pseudosyringothyris sp. (112667)
Wordian - Capitanian	266.9 - 259.51	Australia (Queensland)	Punctocyrtella nobilis (104742)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	Greece	Petinospiriferina subtriangularis (64171)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	Australia (Queensland)	Cyrtella nobilis (98097 98098 98100 98102 120330 120331 120333 120334 120336 120340 120535 120536 120539 120660 120667) Cyrtella sp., Subansiria nobilis (101569) Cyrtella subparallela (120379) Cyrtella ulladullensis (120326 120656) Pseudosyrinx sp. (97269) Punctocyrtella nobilis (104740 104768) Subansiria brevis (83219) Subansiria brevis, Subansiria nobilis, Subansiria campbelli (101573) Subansiria campbelli (101570) Subansiria nobilis (101559 101568) Subansiria pelicanensis (101560) Subansiria sp. (103145)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	Australia (Tasmania)	Pseudosyrinx sp. (51314)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	Nepal	Permasyrinx sp. (62444 62445 62446 62447 120414) Punctocyrtella plodowskii (43166 43177 43182 43186 43190 43197 43199 43216 43262 43263 43270)