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Protocardia (Pachycardium)

Bivalvia - Cardiida - Cardiidae

Taxonomy
Pachycardium was named by Conrad (1869) [Sepkoski's age data: K l K Maes-u]. It is not extant.

It was reranked as Protocardia (Pachycardium) by Schneider (1995); it was reranked as Cardium (Pachycardium) by Kosnik (2002).

It was assigned to Cardiidae by Popenoe (1937); to Protocardiinae by Vokes (1980); to Protocardia by Schneider (1995); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Cardium by Kosnik (2002).

Subtaxa
Pachycardium coronaensis, Pachycardium remondianum
Species lacking formal opinion data
Cardium nicolletti, Cardium wadei, Pachycardium bisectum, Pachycardium riogramamense, Pachycardium spillmani, Pachycardium stantoni, Pachycardium subtriangulare, Pachycardium wadei, Protocardia africana, Protocardia africana, Protocardia amanoi, Protocardia anglica, Protocardia anglica, Protocardia bannesianum, Protocardia barneyi, Protocardia beiha, Protocardia bella, Protocardia besairiei, Protocardia bipi, Protocardia buckmani, Protocardia concinna, Protocardia consobrina, Protocardia contusa, Protocardia coquandi, Protocardia coquandi, Protocardia delicatula, Protocardia dufrenoyi, Protocardia dyenisea, Protocardia dyonisea, Protocardia dyonisea, Protocardia eparcyensis, Protocardia filosa, Protocardia gigantea, Protocardia goradongarensis, Protocardia goradongarensis, Protocardia grandidieri, Protocardia grandidieri, Protocardia guadalupense, Protocardia hepingxiangensis, Protocardia hepingxiangensis, Protocardia hillama, Protocardia hillanum, Protocardia hiraigensis, Protocardia ibukii, Protocardia ibukii, Protocardia impressa, Protocardia inaii, Protocardia jacksonense, Protocardia judaica, Protocardia kachchhensis, Protocardia keerae, Protocardia kurumensis, Protocardia lodraniensis, Protocardia lycetti, Protocardia lycetti, Protocardia marcosensis, Protocardia meridionalis, Protocardia milana, Protocardia moabitica, Protocardia morii, Protocardia morinica, Protocardia morrisea, Protocardia moshuiwanensis, Protocardia moutai, Protocardia multistriata, Protocardia olea, Protocardia onoi, Protocardia oxynoti, Protocardia parahillana, Protocardia patchamensis, Protocardia peralraensis, Protocardia peraltaensis, Protocardia peraltaensis, Protocardia peregrina, Protocardia peregrina, Protocardia pertenuis, Protocardia pervinquierei, Protocardia phillipiana, Protocardia phillipiana, Protocardia phillipsi, Protocardia prisca, Protocardia querangeri, Protocardia rahmuensis, Protocardia rara, Protocardia regulare, Protocardia sastry, Protocardia schencki, Protocardia schenki, Protocardia schucherti, Protocardia semidecussata, Protocardia semipunctata, Protocardia shehuensis, Protocardia silicea, Protocardia sislimanensis, Protocardia sphaeroidalis, Protocardia sphaeroidea, Protocardia sphaeroidea, Protocardia spillmani, Protocardia spillmani, Protocardia striata, Protocardia strickland, Protocardia striuatula, Protocardia subhillanum, Protocardia subrhaetica, Protocardia substricklandi, Protocardia subtruncata, Protocardia subtruncata, Protocardia suprajurensis, Protocardia tenuicostata, Protocardia texana, Protocardia tikechkachensis, Protocardia timberensis, Protocardia torta, Protocardia tosensis, Protocardia tosensis

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1869Pachycardium Conrad
1937Pachycardium Popenoe p. 388
1980Pachycardium Vokes p. 129
1995Protocardia (Pachycardium) Schneider p. 339
2002Pachycardium Sepkoski

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
—Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassHeteroconchia(Gray 1854)
—CardiomorphiFerussac 1822
RankNameAuthor
—CardioniFerussac 1822
—CardiidiaFerussac 1822
—CardiataFerussac 1822
superorderCardiiformiiFerussac 1822
orderCardiidaFerussac 1822
suborderCardiidinaFerussac 1822
—CardioideiFerussac 1822
superfamilyCardioidea(Lamarck 1809)
familyCardiidaeLamarck 1809
subfamilyProtocardiinaeReuss 1846
genusProtocardia(Beyrich 1845)
subgenusPachycardium(Conrad 1869)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subg. †Protocardia (Pachycardium) Conrad 1869
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†Pachycardium coronaensis Packard 1922
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: facultatively mobilef
Life habit: infaunalf
Diet: suspension feederf
Vision: blindc
Created: 2009-07-04 09:31:14
Modified: 2009-08-17 22:21:59
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Todd 2001, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Cenomanian to the top of the Early/Lower Maastrichtian or 100.50000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (73 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (California) Pachycardium remondianum (167601 167603)
Late/Upper Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (California) Pachycardium coronaense (220930 220941 239925) Pachycardium coronaensis (215284 220313)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (California) Pachycardium coronaense (219050) Pachycardium remondianum (167600 185390)
Turonian - Early/Lower Campanian93.9 - 72.2USA (California) Cardium coronaensis (207640)
Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (North Carolina) Pachycardium sp. (7617)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Mississippi) Pachycardium stantoni (6664)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Texas) Pachycardium wadei (7466 7467)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Mississippi) Pachycardium stantoni (3867)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (California) Pachycardium coronaense (176363)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0USA (New Jersey) Pachycardium sp. (46617)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (New Jersey) Pachycardium spillmani (26818)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Georgia) Protocardia sp. (4281) Protocardia spillmani (4278 4305)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Mississippi) Protocardia spillmani (4100 4104 4105 4112 4118)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Alabama) Protocardia sp. (4256 4264 4270) Protocardia spillmani (4247 4250 4273 4286)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Mississippi) Protocardia sp. (4168) Protocardia spillmani (4124 4126 4127 4129 4136 4137 4148 4156 4161 4170)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Maryland) Protocardia spillmani (4373)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Missouri) Protocardia spillmani (4382)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (New Jersey) Protocardia sp. (4377 4381)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Alabama) Protocardia sp. (4178 4186 4201 4202 4205 4236)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Texas) Pachycardium wadei (1392 1393)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Mississippi) Pachycardium sp. (1305) Pachycardium spillmani (1303 1391)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (North Carolina) Pachycardium sp., Pachycardium spillmani (1311)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Brazil Pachycardium riogramamense (1360)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (New Jersey) Pachycardium spillmani (1313)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Missouri) Pachycardium spillmani (1295)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Georgia) Pachycardium spillmani (1309)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Alabama) Pachycardium sp., Pachycardium spillmani (1306) Pachycardium spillmani (1308) Protocardia spillmani (4257)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India Pachycardium bisectum (1351)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Arkansas) Pachycardium spillmani (1302)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (South Carolina) Pachycardium spillmani (1310)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Madagascar Pachycardium subtriangulare (1322)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Maryland) Pachycardium spillmani (1348)