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Pareiasauria

Reptilia

Taxonomy
Pareiasauria was named by Seeley (1888) [Whether this taxon is extinct or not depends on exlusion or inclusion of turtles, respectively.]. It is not extant. It was considered monophyletic by Lee (1995) and Laurin and Reisz (1995).

It was synonymized subjectively with Cotylosauria by Osborn (1903) and Osborn (1904); it was reranked as the order Pareiasauri by Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the order Pareiasauria by Perrier (1928) and Huene (1954); it was replaced with Pareiasauriformes by Hay (1930); it was reranked as the infraorder Pareiasauria by Haughton and Brink (1954); it was reranked as the unranked clade Pareiasauria by Lee (1995) and Laurin and Reisz (1995).

It was assigned to Anomodontia by Seeley (1888); to Theromorpha by Zittel (1890); to Therosuchia by Seeley (1895); to Cotylosauria by Case (1911); to Cotylosauria by Jaekel (1911); to Cotylosauria by Broom (1913); to Theromorpha by Gadow (1898) and Perrier (1928); to Diadecta by Olson (1947); to Reptiliomorphoidea by Huene (1954); to Diadectimorpha by Haughton and Brink (1954); to Anapsida by Olson (1966); to Diadectomorpha by Kuhn (1966); to Parareptilia by Olson (1962) and Gauthier et al. (1988); to Amniota by Gauthier et al. (1989); to Pareiasauroidea by Lee (1995); to Procolophonia by Laurin and Reisz (1995); and to Reptilia by Lee (2000).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1876Pareiasaurus bombidens Owen
1888Pareiasauria Seeley p. 106
1890Pareiosauria Zittel p. 449
1892Pareiasaurus russouwi Seeley
1895Pareiasauria Seeley
1898Pareiosauri Gadow p. 18
1908Pareiasaurus steenkampensis Seeley
1911Pareiasauria Case p. 9
1911Pareiasauri Jaekel p. 122
1913Pareiasauria Broom
1913Pareiasaurus acutirostris Broom
1913Pareiasaurus bombidens Broom
1913Pareiasaurus russouwi Broom
1924Pareiasaurus strubeni Broom
1928Pareiasauria Perrier p. 3118
1929Koalemasaurus Haughton and Boonstra
1929Koalemasaurus acutirostris Haughton and Boonstra
1929Nochelesaurus strubeni Haughton and Boonstra p. 83
1947Pareiasauria Olson pp. 44, 45
1954Pareiasauria Haughton and Brink p. 3
1954Pareiasauria Huene p. 21
1962Pareiasauria Olson
1966Pareiasauria Kuhn p. 17
1966Pareiasauria Olson p. 301
1988Pareiasauria Gauthier et al. p. 139 fig. 4.4
1989Pareiasauria Gauthier et al. p. 340
1995Pareiasauria Laurin and Reisz p. 172
1995Pareiasauria Lee pp. 508, 515 fig. 22
2000Pareiasauria Lee p. 71

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassParareptiliaLawrence 1868
—Procolophonomorpha()
—Procolophonia()
—Hallucicrania
superfamilyPareiasauroideaNopsca 1928
—Pareiasauria()
—Pareiasauria()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Pareiasauria Seeley 1888
show all | hide all
G. †Anthodon Owen 1876
+
†Anthodon serrarius Owen 1876
+
Invalid names: Anthodon minusculus Haughton 1932 [synonym], Propappus parvus Haughton 1913 [synonym]
G. †Arganaceras Jalil and Janvier 2005
+
†Arganaceras vacanti Jalil and Janvier 2005
G. †Bradysaurus Watson 1914
+
†Bradysaurus baini Seeley 1892
+
Invalid names: Platyoropha broomi Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
†Bradysaurus seeleyi Haughton and Boonstra 1929
+
Invalid names: Bradysaurus vanderbyli Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
Invalid names: Bradysaurus whaitsi Broom 1914 [nomen dubium], Bradysuchus Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym], Platyoropha Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
G. †Bunostegos Sidor et al. 2003
+
†Bunostegos akokanensis Sidor et al. 2003
Fm. †Elginiidae Cope 1896
+
G. †Elginia Newton 1893
+
†Elginia mirabilis Newton 1893
†Elginia wuyongae Liu and Bever 2018
G. †Obirkovia Bulanov and Yashina 2005
+
†Obirkovia gladiator Bulanov and Yashina 2005
G. †Embrithosaurus Watson 1914
+
†Embrithosaurus schwarzi Watson 1914
G. †Nanoparia Broom 1936
+
†Nanoparia luckhoffi Broom 1936
G. †Nochelesaurus Haughton and Boonstra 1929
+
†Nochelesaurus alexanderi Haughton and Boonstra 1929
+
Invalid names: Brachypareia watsoni Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym], Dolichopareia angusta Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dolichopareia Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym]
G. †Pachypes Leonardi et al. 1975
+
†Pachypes dolomiticus Leonardi et al. 1975
G. †Parasaurus von Meyer 1857
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†Parasaurus geinitzi von Meyer 1857
Fm. †Pareiasauridae Lydekker 1889
+
G. †Deltavjatia Lebedev 1987
+
†Deltavjatia rossicus Hartmann-Weinberg 1937
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Invalid names: Pareiasuchus vjatkensis Hartmann-Weinberg 1937 [synonym]
G. †Provelosaurus Lee 1997
+
†Provelosaurus americanus Araújo 1985
G. †Sanchuansaurus Gao 1989
+
G. †Scutosaurus Hartmann-Weinberg 1930
+
†Scutosaurus karpinskii Amalitzky 1922
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Invalid names: Pareiosaurus elegans Amalitzky 1922 [synonym], Pareiosaurus horridus Amalitzky 1922 [synonym], Pareiosaurus tuberculatus Amalitzky 1922 [synonym], Proelginia permiana Hartmann-Weinberg 1937 [synonym], Scutosaurus itelensis Ivakhnenko 1987 [synonym]
Invalid names: Proelginia Hartmann-Weinberg 1937 [synonym]
G. †Shihtienfenia Young and Yeh 1963
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†Shihtienfenia permica Young and Yeh 1963
+
Invalid names: Huanghesaurus liulinensis Gao 1983 [synonym], Shansisaurus xuecunensis Cheng 1980 [synonym]
Invalid names: Huanghesaurus Gao 1983 [synonym], Shansisaurus Cheng 1980 [synonym]
G. †Pareiasaurus Owen 1876
+
+
Invalid names: Anthodon gregoryi Broom 1930 [synonym], Anthodon nesemanni Broom 1940 [synonym], Pareiasaurus minor Seeley 1892 [synonym], Pareiasaurus pinnatus Olson and Broom 1937 [synonym], Pareiasaurus rubidgei Broom 1940 [synonym], Propappus omocratus Seeley [synonym], Propappus rogersi Broom 1912 [synonym]
†Pareiasaurus whaitsi Broom 1914
Invalid names: Brachypareia Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [synonym], Pareiasaurus henneni Case 1917 [nomen dubium], Propappus Seeley 1888 [synonym]
G. †Pareiasuchus Broom and Haughton 1913
+
†Pareiasuchus nasicornis Haughton and Boonstra 1929
†Pareiasuchus peringueyi Broom and Haughton 1913
+
Invalid names: Pareiasaurus pulcher Broom 1935 [synonym]
G. †Pumiliopareia Lee 1997
+
†Pumiliopareia pricei Broom and Robinson 1948
G. †Zhongjiania Yuan et al. 2010
+
Invalid names: Honania Young 1979 [replaced]
Invalid names: Bradysauridae von Huene 1948 [empty], Koalemasaurus Haughton and Boonstra 1929 [nomen dubium], Pareiasaurus acutirostris Broom 1913 [nomen dubium], Pareiasaurus bombidens Owen 1876 [nomen vanum], Pareiasaurus russouwi Seeley 1892 [nomen dubium], Pareiasaurus steenkampensis Seeley 1908 [nomen dubium], Pareiasaurus strubeni Broom 1924 [nomen dubium], Rhipaeosauridae Chudinov 1955 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
H. G. Seeley 1895Temporal vacuities of the skull roofed over as in Chelone; a large single (concave) occipital condyle; sphenoidal region short; transverse palatine processes directed out and forward. Teeth conical or with compressed cuspidate crowns, not divided into incisors, canines and molares. Ribs with the heads deep and occasionally divided.
E. Perrier 1928Crâne complètement revêtu d'os dermiques, laissant seulement libres les narines, les orbites, le trou interpariétal. Dents petites, en séries uniformes sur les deux mâchoires. Grands animaux trapus, ayant l'aspect d'immenses grenouilles pourvues d'une courte queue.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialuc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Diet: herbivoresubo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:32:59
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:32:59
Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Benton 1983, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Wuchiapingian to the top of the Zechstein or 259.90000 to 254.14000 Ma

Collections (98 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Roadian - Capitanian272.3 - 259.51Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Pareiasaurus americanus (171380 171381)
Wordian - Capitanian266.9 - 259.51Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Provelosaurus americanus (78657)
Tatarian266.9 - 257.4Russian Federation (Orenburg) Pareiasauria indet. (196164)
Capitanian264.28 - 259.51South Africa (Western Cape) Brachypareia rogersi (176248) Brachypareia watsoni (198721) Bradysaurus angusta, Bradysaurus strubeni, Bradysaurus baini, Bradysaurus vanderbyli, Dolichopareia angusta, Brachypareia watsoni (86388) Bradysaurus baini (93100 178115 198677) Bradysaurus baini, Brachypareia watsoni, Pareiasaurus acutirostris (13004) Bradysaurus seeleyi (198675) Bradysaurus seeleyi, Bradysaurus baini (93085) Bradysaurus seeleyi, Bradysaurus vanderbyli (93096) Bradysaurus sp. (198723) Bradysaurus strubeni (89650) Bradysaurus vanderbyli, Embrithosaurus schwarzi (93088) Embrithosaurus schwarzi (198028) Embrithosaurus sp., Bradysaurus seeleyi (198719) Embrithosaurus sp., Bradysaurus seeleyi, Bradysaurus baini, Platyoropha broomi (93097) Koalemasaurus sp. (198722) Nochelesaurus alexanderi, Dolichopareia angusta (197985) Pareiasauria indet. (176245) Pareiasauria indet., Bradysaurus seeleyi, Bradysaurus vanderbyli, Brachypareia rogersi (198676) Pareiasaurus baini (92648) Pareiasaurus bombidens (26710 93084) Pareiasaurus bombidens, Bradysaurus seeleyi (93086)
Capitanian264.28 - 259.51South Africa (Northern Cape) Bradysaurus sp. (181072 198666) Pareiasaurus sp., Pareiasuchus sp. (176246)
Early/Lower Severodvinian264.28 - 259.51Russian Federation (Kirov) Anthodon rossicus, Pareiasuchus vjatkensis, Anthodon chlynoviensis (28854)
Late/Upper Severodvinian264.28 - 259.51Russian Federation (Vologda) Pareiasauridae indet. (233451) Proelginia sp. (233448)
Late/Upper Severodvinian264.28 - 259.51Russian Federation (Tatarstan) Proelginia permiana (80712)
Late/Upper Severodvinian264.28 - 259.51Russian Federation (Orenburg) Pareiasauridae indet. (93207) Proelginia permiana (189501 189505)
Late/Upper Severodvinian - Vyatkian264.28 - 257.4Russian Federation (Vladimir) Scutosaurus sp., Elginiidae indet. (93026)
Late/Upper Severodvinian - Vyatkian264.28 - 257.4Russian Federation (Vologda) Elginiidae indet. (93025) Obirkovia gladiator (93016) Scutosaurus tuberculatus (187939)
Late/Upper Severodvinian - Vyatkian264.28 - 257.4Russian Federation (Orenburg) Elginiidae indet. (93030) Pareiasauria indet. (179653) Pareiasauridae indet. (180868 189495 189571) Scutosaurus sp., Elginiidae indet. (93027)
Late/Upper Severodvinian - Vyatkian264.28 - 257.4Russian Federation (Arkhangelsk) Pareiosaurus karpinskii, Pareiosaurus elegans, Pareiosaurus horridus, Pareiosaurus tuberculatus, Scutosaurus karpinskii, Scutosaurus tuberculatus (28065) Scutosaurus karpinskii (27952)
Capitanian - Wuchiapingian264.28 - 254.17South Africa (Western Cape) Bradysaurus seeleyi (177588)
Late/Upper Severodvinian - Early/Lower Vyatkian264.28 - 254.14Russian Federation (Tatarstan) Scutosaurus sp. (28855)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17South Africa (Western Cape) Pareiasaurus serridens (22661 180462) Pareiasaurus serridens, Pareiasauria indet., Pareiasuchus peringueyi, Propappus parvus (171377)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17South Africa (Graaff-Reinet) Anthodon serrarius (171378)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17South Africa (Eastern Cape) Anthodon serrarius (176504) Nanoparia luckhoffi, Pareiasaurus rubidgei (171384) Nanoparia pricei (171376) Pareiasaurus serridens, Pareiasuchus nasicornis (80826)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Russian Federation (Vologda) Pareiasauridae indet. (104754)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Zambia Pareiasauria indet. (184660 184661 184662) Propappus omocratus (184600)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Zambia (Eastern) Pareiasuchus nasicornis (86257)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17South Africa (Northern Cape) Pareiasaurus sp. (190568)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Morocco (Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz) Arganaceras vacanti, Pareiasauria indet. (89607)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Germany (Hesse) Parasaurus geinitzi (81115 84836 93036)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17Tanzania (Ruvuma) Anthodon minusculus (171379) Pareiasauria indet. (178128)
Wuchiapingian259.9 - 254.17China (Henan) Tsiyuania simplicidentata, Honania complicidentata, Taihangshania imperfacta (92909)
Lopingian259.9 - 252.17Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) Pachypes dolomiticus (188750)
Lopingian259.9 - 252.17China (Nei Mongol) Elginia wuyongae (194384)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian259.9 - 252.17South Africa (Western Cape) Pareiasaurus serridens (80176 89859)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian259.9 - 252.17South Africa (Eastern Cape) Anthodon nesemanni (177601) Pareiasaurus serridens (80174 114905 176336 177563)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian259.9 - 252.17Morocco (Argana) Pachypes sp. (197303)
Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian259.9 - 252.17South Africa (Northern Cape) Nanoparia luckhoffi (178275)
Vyatkian259.51 - 257.4Russian Federation (Vladimir) Elginiidae indet., Obirkovia sp. (86346)
Vyatkian259.51 - 257.4Russian Federation (Orenburg) Pareiasauridae indet. (86484)
Zechstein259.51 - 254.14Germany (Hesse) Parasaurus geinitzi (85489)
Zechstein259.51 - 254.14Germany (Thuringia) Parasaurus geinitzi (85564 85565)
Zechstein259.51 - 254.14South Africa (Northern Cape) Pareiasaurus pulcher (34816)
Zechstein259.51 - 254.14Germany (Lower Saxony) Parasaurus geinitzi (85561)
Changhsingian254.17 - 252.17China (Shanxi) Huanghesaurus liulinensis, Shansisaurus xuecunensis (92907) Pareiasauria indet., Shihtienfenia permica (93536) Pareiasauridae indet., Sanchuansaurus pygmaeus, Shansisaurus xuecunensis, Shihtienfenia permica, Shansisaurus sp. (78694)
Changhsingian254.17 - 252.17Niger (Agadez) Bunostegos akokanensis (68054) Pachypes sp. (199774)
Changhsingian254.17 - 252.17United Kingdom (Scotland) Elginia mirabilis, Gordonia sp. (92323)