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Acanthodes
Taxonomy
Acanthodes was named by Agassiz (1833).
It was synonymized subjectively with Acanthoessus by Hay (1902).
It was assigned to Ozinae by Dana (1851); to Plagiostomi by Gunnell (1933); to Acanthoessidae by Jordan (1963); and to Acanthodidae by Woodward (1891), Denison (1979), Carroll (1988).
It was synonymized subjectively with Acanthoessus by Hay (1902).
It was assigned to Ozinae by Dana (1851); to Plagiostomi by Gunnell (1933); to Acanthoessidae by Jordan (1963); and to Acanthodidae by Woodward (1891), Denison (1979), Carroll (1988).
Species
A. australis, A. beecheri, A. bourbonensis, A. boyi, A. bridgei, A. bronni, A. confusus, A. gracilis, A. guizhouensis, A. lopatini (syn. Homalacanthus bergi), A. marshi, A. mitchelli, A. nitidus, A. ovensis, A. peachi, A. pollichiae, A. punctatus, A. pusillus, A. pygmaeus, A. rouvillei, A. splendidus, A. sulcatus, A. ultimus, A. wardi
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Acanthodes Agassiz 1833
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†Acanthodes australis Woodward 1906
†Acanthodes beecheri Eastman 1902
†Acanthodes bourbonensis Heidtke 1996
†Acanthodes boyi Heidtke 1993
†Acanthodes bridgei Zidek 1976
†Acanthodes bronni Agassiz 1833
†Acanthodes confusus Heidtke 2011
†Acanthodes gracilis Beyrich 1949
†Acanthodes guizhouensis Wang and Turner 1985
†Acanthodes marshi Eastman 1902
†Acanthodes mitchelli Egerton 1861
†Acanthodes nitidus Woodward 1891
†Acanthodes ovensis White 1927
†Acanthodes peachi Egerton 1861
†Acanthodes pollichiae Heidtke 2011
†Acanthodes punctatus Fritsch 1893
†Acanthodes pusillus Agassiz 1844
†Acanthodes pygmaeus Fritsch 1875
†Acanthodes rouvillei Sauvage 1883
†Acanthodes splendidus Heidtke 2011
†Acanthodes sulcatus Agassiz 1835
†Acanthodes ultimus Heidtke 2011
†Acanthodes wardi Egerton 1866
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Early/Lower Emsian to the top of the Sakmarian or 410.62000 to 290.10000 Ma
Collections (68 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Emsian | Russian Federation | A. dublinensis (35710 35711 35713 35749) | |
| Emsian | Belarus (Vitebsk) | A. sp. (232875 232876 232877) | |
| Emsian | Belarus (Gormel) | A. sp. (232956 232957) | |
| Emsian | Belarus (Mogilev) | A. sp. (232954) | |
| Late/Upper Emsian | Russian Federation | A. dublinensis (35720) | |
| Late/Upper Emsian - Eifelian | Latvia | A. sp. (226510) | |
| Eifelian | Belarus (Vitebsk) | A. sp. (232958) | |
| Givetian - Frasnian | USA (Iowa) | A. dublinensis (226053) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian | Estonia | A. sp. 1, A. sp. 2, A. sp. 3, A. sp. 4 (225778) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian | Latvia | A. sp. (225777) | |
| Famennian | Belarus (Homel) | A. sp. (232526 232528) | |
| Middle Famennian | Russian Federation (Oryol Oblast) | A. lopatini (226045) | |
| Late/Upper Famennian | Russian Federation (Tulskaya Oblast) | A. sp. (176224) | |
| Late/Upper Famennian | Russian Federation (Tula) | A. sp. (225666) | |
| Late/Upper Famennian | Russian Federation (Lipetsk) | A. sp. (225665) | |
| Tournaisian | Australia (Victoria) | A. australis (230548) | |
| Tournaisian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk Krai) | A. lopatini (232962) | |
| Tournaisian - Visean | China (Gansu) | A. guizhouensis (120300) | |
| Arundian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | A. nitidus (90682) | |
| Visean | Belarus (Homel) | A. sp. (232527) | |
| Asbian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | A. sulcatus (230471 230473 230477 230478 230479) | |
| Brigantian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | A. sulcatus (229842) | |
| Pendleian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | A. sp. (134654) | |
| Arnsbergian | USA (Montana) | A. lundi (116764 227065) | |
| Bashkirian - Moscovian | United Kingdom (Cornwall) | A. wardi (232960) | |
| Westphalian A | United Kingdom (Flintshire) | A. sp. (233397) A. wardi (233393 233396 233398 233402) | |
| Kasimovian | USA (New Mexico) | A. sp. (217021 217022 217023) | |
| Virgilian | USA (New Mexico) | A. kinneyi (216992) A. kinneyi, A. sp. (217070) A. sp., A. kinneyi (216993 216994) | |
| Virgilian | USA (Kansas) | A. sp. (180633) | |
| Asselian | Germany (Rhineland-Pfalz) | A. bronni, A. splendidus (180783) | |
| Asselian | Germany | A. boyi (138357) | |
| Asselian | Czech Republic (Krkonose) | A. sp., A. gracilis (232614) | |
| Asselian | Czech Republic (Liberec) | A. gracilis (232993) A. sp. (231860 232994 232995) A. sp., A. gracilis (232996 232997) | |
| Asselian | Germany (Saarland) | A. confusus (180864) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | France | A. sp. (34797) | |
| Wolfcampian | USA (New Mexico) | A. sp. (181077) | |
| Cisuralian | France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) | A. bourbonensis (197929) | |
| Permian | USA (Oklahoma) | A. sp. (221392) | |
| Sakmarian | France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) | A. sp. (197925) | |
| Sakmarian | Germany (Rhineland-Pfalz) | A. ultimus (180563) | |
| Sakmarian | USA (Kansas) | A. sp. (130816 130817) |