PBDB Taxon

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Laevicardium

Bivalvia - Cardiida - Cardiidae

Taxonomy

Laevicardium was named by Swainson (1840) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 1112]. It is extant. Its type is Cardium oblongum.

It was reranked as Cardium (Laevicardium) by Gabb (1864), Gabb (1869), Glenn (1904) and Gardner (1947).

It was assigned to Cardium by Gabb (1864), Gabb (1869), Glenn (1904) and Gardner (1947); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); to Cardiidae by Oostingh (1935), Marasti (1973), Ward and Blackwelder (1987), Lamprell and Whitehead (1992) and Moths et al. (2010); and to Laevicardiinae by Vokes (1980), Woodring (1982), Dockery (1982), Schneider (1995), Moore (2003) and Coan and Valentich-Scott (2012).

Species lacking formal opinion data

L. elongatum, L. hispanicum, L. rutteni, L. shiobarense, L. taracaicum

Synonyms

Dinocardium (Exocardium) was named by Olsson (1964). Its type is Cardium (Dinocardium) ecuadorialis.

It was synonymized subjectively with Dinocardium by Woodring (1982); it was synonymized subjectively with Laevicardium by Coan et al. (2000).

It was assigned to Dinocardium by Olsson (1964).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1840	Laevicardium Swainson p. 373
1864	Cardium (Laevicardium) Gabb p. 171
1869	Cardium (Laevicardium) Gabb p. 187
1904	Cardium (Laevicardium) Glenn p. 322
1935	Laevicardium Oostingh p. 180
1947	Cardium (Laevicardium) Gardner p. 142
1964	Dinocardium (Exocardium) Olsson
1973	Laevicardium Marasti p. 108
1980	Laevicardium Vokes p. 129
1982	Laevicardium Dockery p. 74
1982	Laevicardium Woodring p. 646
1987	Laevicardium Ward and Blackwelder p. 130
1992	Laevicardium Lamprell and Whitehead p. 70
1995	Laevicardium Schneider p. 339
2002	Laevicardium Sepkoski
2003	Laevicardium Moore
2010	Laevicardium Moths et al.
2012	Laevicardium Coan and Valentich-Scott p. 421

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Bivalvia
—	Eubivalvia
subclass	Autobranchia	(Groblen 1894)
infraclass	Heteroconchia	(Gray 1854)
—	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822

Rank	Name	Author
—	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardiidia	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardiata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Cardiiformii	Ferussac 1822
order	Cardiida	Ferussac 1822
suborder	Cardiidina	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardioidei	Ferussac 1822
superfamily	Cardioidea	(Lamarck 1809)
family	Cardiidae	Lamarck 1809
subfamily	Laevicardiinae	Keen 1936
genus	Laevicardium	Swainson 1840

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Laevicardium Swainson 1840

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Cardium (Laevicardium) alaskensis Clark 1932

†Cardium (Laevicardium) melvilli Newton 1905

†Cardium (Laevicardium) mortoni Conrad 1831

Cardium (Laevicardium) unicolor Sowerby 1840

Subg. †Laevicardium (Habecardium) Glibert and van de Poel 1970

†Habecardium tenuisulcatum Nyst 1836

†Laevicardium (Habecardium) dingdense Lehmann 1885

Subg. Laevicardium (Laevicardium) Swainson 1840

†Laevicardium (Laevicardium) decorticatum Wood 1840

†Laevicardium (Laevicardium) tegalense Oostingh 1934

Laevicardium biradiatum Bruguière 1789

†Laevicardium compressum Dall 1900

Laevicardium crassum Gmelin 1791

Invalid names: Laevicardium norvegicum Spengler 1797 [synonym]

†Laevicardium ecuadoriale Olsson 1932

Laevicardium elatum Sowerby I 1833

†Laevicardium etheringtoni Slodkewitsch 1938

†Laevicardium leptorimum Dockery 1982

Laevicardium lobulatum Vidal and Kirkendale 2007

Laevicardium multipunctatum Sowerby 1833

†Laevicardium nemocardiforme Kafanov and Savizky 1983

Laevicardium oblongum Gmelin 1791

Invalid names: Cardium (Laevicardium) oblongum Trentanove 1901 [synonym]

†Laevicardium papyraceum Bruguière 1792

Laevicardium pictum Ravenel 1861

Laevicardium pristis Bory de Saint-Vincent 1827

†Laevicardium serratum Linnaeus 1758

Invalid names: Laevicardium laevigatum Linnaeus 1758 [replaced]

Laevicardium substriatum Conrad 1837

Invalid names: Cardium cruentatum Gould 1855 [synonym], Cardium elenense Sowerby II 1840 [synonym], Laevicardium apicinum Carpenter 1864 [synonym], Laevicardium pedernalense Pilsbry and Olsson 1941 [synonym]

Laevicardium sybariticum Dall 1886

†Laevicardium tristiculum Yokoyama 1924

Invalid names: Laevicardium esutoruensis Krishtofovich 1957 [synonym]

†Laevicardium venustulum Gabb 1873

Laevicardium vitellinum Reeve 1844

Invalid names: Exocardium Olsson 1964 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

facultatively mobileg

Life habit:

infaunalg

Diet:

suspension feederg

Vision:

blindc

Comments:

LIFE HISTORY: IS, MA, UN, SU according to Todd (2001).g

Created:

2009-09-09 07:20:06

Modified:

2009-09-09 09:20:06

Source: g = genus, c = class

References: Sanchez Roig 1926, Todd 2001, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Neocomian to the top of the Holocene or 145.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 125.77 Ma

Collections (431 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Neocomian	145.0 - 125.77	Japan (Gumma)	L. ishidoense (40488)
Aptian	125.0 - 113.0	Japan	L. corpulentum (69101) L. ishidoense (69104)
Aptian	125.0 - 113.0	Japan (Kochi)	L. corpulentum (40222)
Albian	113.0 - 100.5	Japan (Kumamoto)	L. ishidoense (40469 40601)
Late/Upper Albian	105.3 - 99.6	Spain	L. hispanicum (66129)
Early/Lower Eocene	55.8 - 48.6	Hungary	L. sp. (78013)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	Indonesia	L. subfragile (70082 79524)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (Mississippi)	L. gardnerae (90704)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	Italy	Habecardium cordorotundum (177603)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	New Zealand (Canterbury)	L. sp. (50149)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	USA (Alabama)	L. sp. (3538)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Italy	L. sp. (78617)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Belgium	L. tenuisulcatum (3715)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	Germany (Bavaria)	L. nicense (10703)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	Russian Federation	L. taracaicum (70518) L. tristiculum (70445)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	France (Essonne)	L. tenuisulcatum (9073 9076 9078 9079 9098 9130 9131 9132 9133 9134 9135 9169 9171 9172 9173 9175 9177 9179 9180 9181 9193 9266 9267 9268 9269) Parvicardium tenuisulcatum (9174)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	USA (Georgia)	Cardium sp. (60838)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 28.4	Argentina	L. sp. (71600)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	Russian Federation	L. puchlense (49980)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	USA (Mississippi)	L. leptorimum (5941 5942 5943 5944 5947)