PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Russellosaurina

Osteichthyes - Mosasauridae

Taxonomy

Russellosaurinae was named by Bell (1997). It was considered monophyletic by Cuthbertson et al. (2007), Konishi et al. (2012).

It was reranked as the unranked clade Russellosaurina by Bell and Polcyn (2005), Polcyn and Bell (2005), Bardet et al. (2006), Cuthbertson et al. (2007), Komishi and Caldwell (2009), Konishi et al. (2010), Konishi and Caldwell (2011), Konishi et al. (2012), Bell et al. (2013), Cuthbertson and Holmes (2015), Otero et al. (2017), Romano et al. (2019), Grigoriev and Grabovskiy (2020), Kiernan and Ebersole (2023), Plasse et al. (2024).

It was assigned to Mosasaurinae by Konishi et al. (2012); and to Mosasauridae by Bell and Polcyn (2005), Polcyn and Bell (2005), Bardet et al. (2006), Cuthbertson et al. (2007), Komishi and Caldwell (2009), Konishi et al. (2010), Konishi and Caldwell (2011), Bell et al. (2013), Cuthbertson and Holmes (2015), Otero et al. (2017), Romano et al. (2019), Grigoriev and Grabovskiy (2020), Kiernan and Ebersole (2023), Plasse et al. (2024).

Subtaxa

Angolosaurus, Platecarpus ptychodus, Plioplatecarpinae

Sister taxa

Plioplatecarpinae

Synonyms

Platecarpus ptychodus was named by Arambourg (1952). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Konishi et al. (2010).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1952	Platecarpus ptychodus Arambourg
2005	Russellosaurina Bell and Polcyn p. 189
2005	Russellosaurina Polcyn and Bell p. 322
2006	Russellosaurina Bardet et al.
2007	Russellosaurina Cuthbertson et al.
2009	Russellosaurina Komishi and Caldwell p. 418
2010	Russellosaurina Konishi et al.
2011	Russellosaurina Konishi and Caldwell
2012	Russellosaurina Konishi et al.
2013	Russellosaurina Bell Jr. et al. p. 578
2015	Russellosaurina Cuthbertson and Holmes
2017	Russellosaurina Otero et al.
2019	Russellosaurina Romano et al. p. 203
2020	Russellosaurina Grigoriev and Grabovskiy p. 2
2023	Russellosaurina Kiernan and Ebersole p. 4
2024	Russellosaurina Plasse et al. p. 4

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
—	Squamata	()
family	Mosasauridae
—	Russellosaurina	(Bell 1997)
—	Russellosaurina	(Bell 1997)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Russellosaurina Bell 1997

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Subfm. †Plioplatecarpinae Dollo 1884

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G. †Angolasaurus Antunes 1964

†Angolasaurus bocagei Antunes 1964

G. †Ectenosaurus Russell 1967

†Ectenosaurus clidastoides Merriam 1894

Invalid names: Platecarpus oxyrhinus Merriam 1894 [synonym]

†Ectenosaurus shannoni Kiernan and Ebersole 2023

†Ectenosaurus tlemonectes Kiernan and Ebersole 2023

Unr. †Plioplatecarpini Russell 1967

G. †Latoplatecarpus Konishi and Caldwell 2011

†Latoplatecarpus nichollsae Cuthbertson et al. 2007

†Latoplatecarpus willistoni Konishi and Caldwell 2011

G. †Platecarpus Cope 1869

†Platecarpus crassartus Cope 1871

†Platecarpus curtirostris Cope 1871

†Platecarpus planifrons Cope 1874

†Platecarpus tympaniticus Cope 1869

Invalid names: Holcodus coryphaeus Cope 1871 [synonym], Lestosaurus felix Marsh 1872 [synonym], Lestosaurus gracilis Marsh 1872 [synonym], Lestosaurus latifrons Marsh 1872 [synonym], Lestosaurus simus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Liodon ictericus Cope 1870 [synonym], Liodon mudgei Cope 1870 [synonym]

Invalid names: Holcodus Gibbes 1851 [synonym], Holosaurus Marsh 1880 [synonym], Lestosaurus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Platecarpus affinis Leidy 1873 [nomen dubium], Platecarpus anguliferus Cope 1874 [nomen vanum], Platecarpus brachycephalus Loomis 1915 [nomen dubium], Platecarpus glandiferus Cope 1871 [nomen dubium], Platecarpus latispinus Cope 1871 [nomen dubium], Platecarpus tectulus Cope 1871 [nomen dubium], Sironectes Cope 1874 [synonym]

G. †Plesioplatecarpus Konishi and Caldwell 2011

G. †Plioplatecarpus Dollo 1882

†Plioplatecarpus crassartus Cope 1871

†Plioplatecarpus houzeaui Dollo 1889

†Plioplatecarpus marshi Dollo 1882

†Plioplatecarpus peckensis Cuthbertson and Holmes 2015

†Plioplatecarpus primaevus Russell 1967

Invalid names: Oterognathus Dollo 1889 [synonym]

G. †Sarabosaurus Polcyn et al. 2023

†Sarabosaurus dahli Polcyn et al. 2023

Unr. †Selmasaurini Longrich et al. 2024

G. †Gavialimimus Strong et al. 2020

†Gavialimimus almaghribensis Strong et al. 2020

G. †Goronyosaurus Azzaroli et al. 1972

†Goronyosaurus nigeriensis Swinton 1930

G. †Khinjaria Longrich et al. 2024

†Khinjaria acuta Longrich et al. 2024

G. †Selmasaurus Wright and Shannon 1988

†Selmasaurus johnsoni Polcyn and Everhart 2008

†Selmasaurus russelli Wright and Shannon 1988

G. †Yaguarasaurus Páramo 1994

†Yaguarasaurus columbianus Páramo 1994

†Yaguarasaurus regiomontanus Rivera-Sylva et al. 2024

Invalid names: Platecarpus ptychodon Arambourg 1952 [nomen dubium], Platecarpus somenensis Thevenin 1896 [nomen dubium]

Invalid names: Platecarpus ptychodus Arambourg 1952 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialuc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

aquaticf

Diet:

carnivoref

Vision:

well-developedf

Reproduction:

ovoviviparousf

Created:

2018-01-05 16:32:54

Modified:

2018-01-05 16:32:54

Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Gervais 1852, Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Cenomanian to the top of the Maastrichtian or 100.50000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (141 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Cretaceous	143.1 - 66.0	USA (Kansas)	Liodon ictericus (199538)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Sweden	Plioplatecarpus sp. (70427)
Cenomanian - Turonian	100.5 - 89.8	Australia (Western Australia)	Plioplatecarpinae indet. (110535)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	Platecarpus sp. (106192)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	Egypt	Platecarpus indet. (140710)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Utah)	Sarabosaurus dahli (233570)
Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Colombia (Huila)	Yaguarasaurus columbianus (122676 122680 122682 122683)
Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Brazil	Platecarpus sp. (142100)
Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Texas)	Russellosaurina indet. (151425)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Kansas)	Plioplatecarpini indet. (213527) Russellosaurina indet. (150368)
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Mexico (Nuevo Leon)	Yaguarasaurus regiomontanus (230590)
Turonian - Santonian	93.9 - 83.6	USA (Kansas)	Platecarpus abruptus (107339) Platecarpus ictericus (38720) Platecarpus sp. (38721)
Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Angola	Angolasaurus bocagei (60168 275500)
Early/Lower Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Brazil	Platecarpus sp. (126912)
Early/Lower Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	USA (Texas)	Platecarpus coryphaeus (106188)
Early/Lower Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Colombia (Santander)	Yaguarasaurus columbianus (142085)
Late/Upper Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	USA (Kansas)	Ectenosaurus clidastoides (118156) Platecarpus coryphaeus, Platecarpus ictericus (118152) Platecarpus sp. (212963)
Coniacian - Santonian	89.8 - 83.6	USA (Kansas)	Liodon mudgei (199541)
Coniacian - Santonian	89.8 - 83.6	Japan (Hokkaido)	Plotosaurus sp. (94680)
Late/Upper Coniacian - Early/Lower Santonian	89.8 - 83.6	USA (Texas)	Platecarpus planifrons (151422)
Late/Upper Coniacian - Early/Lower Santonian	89.8 - 83.6	USA (Kansas)	Clidastes planifrons (123571) Platecarpus ictericus (215772) Platecarpus planifrons (123572 123574)
Late/Upper Coniacian - Late/Upper Santonian	89.8 - 83.6	Türkiye	Platecarpus sp. (242170)
Late/Upper Coniacian - Early/Lower Campanian	89.8 - 72.2	USA (Kansas)	Ectenosaurus tlemonectes (232231)
Early/Lower Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	USA (Arkansas)	Platecarpus sp. (107639)
Early/Lower Santonian - Middle Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	USA (New Mexico)	Platecarpus sp. (52037)
Late/Upper Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	USA (Kansas)	Platecarpus tympaniticus (118338)
Late/Upper Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	France (Aude)	Platecarpus sp. (233200)
Late/Upper Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	France (Somme)	Platecarpus somenensis (141941)
Middle Santonian - Late/Upper Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	USA (Texas)	Ectenosaurus sp. (151427)
Middle Santonian - Late/Upper Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	USA (Kansas)	Platecarpus tympaniticus (241665)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Australia (Western Australia)	Platecarpus sp. (142716)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	USA (North Dakota)	Platecarpus sp. (107427)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	USA (Kansas)	Ectenosaurus clidastoides (123577) Platecarpus planifrons (99385) Selmasaurus johnsoni (25071)
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	USA (Mississippi)	Platecarpus tympaniticus (98972)
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	USA (Alabama)	Platecarpus sp. (81972) Selmasaurus russelli (84188)
Late/Upper Santonian - Middle Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	USA (Georgia)	Platecarpus sp. (35289)
Santonian - Maastrichtian	85.7 - 66.0	USA (Alabama)	Platecarpus sp. (107503)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Kansas)	Platecarpus sp. (107677)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (South Dakota)	Platecarpus ictericus (109761) Platecarpus sp. (107678 107679)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Montana)	Plioplatecarpus peckensis (194178)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Wyoming)	Platecarpus brachycephalus (105717) Platecarpus ictericus (107672 107675)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Alberta)	Plioplatecarpinae indet. (153814) Russellosaurina indet. (153813)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Manitoba)	Plioplatecarpus nichollsae (23366 96685) Plioplatecarpus nichollsae, Latoplatecarpus willistoni (36446)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Northwest Territories)	Platecarpus ictericus (106328) Platecarpus sp. (106437) Plioplatecarpinae indet. (106331 106333 106336)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (North Carolina)	Platecarpus sp. (106277)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Sweden (Skane)	Plioplatecarpus sp. (106409)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Texas)	Mosasauridae indet. (151430) Platecarpus somenensis (106189)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Germany	Plioplatecarpinae indet. (76843 127657)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Alabama)	Ectenosaurus shannoni (232232)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Sweden (Skåne)	Platecarpus somenensis (102883) Platecarpus sp. (74334)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (South Dakota)	Platecarpus ictericus (107674) Platecarpus sp. (107642) Platecarpus sp., Platecarpus somenensis (107676)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (North Carolina)	Platecarpus sp. (57918)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Alabama)	Plioplatecarpus sp. (207338)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Saskatchewan)	Plioplatecarpus primaevus (23368)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Russian Federation (Volgograd)	Platecarpus sp. (59385)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (South Dakota)	Plioplatecarpus primaevus (107704)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)	Plioplatecarpinae indet. (230114)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Wyoming)	Platecarpus sp. (107641)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (North Dakota)	Plioplatecarpus sp. (179297)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Germany (Niedersachsen)	Platecarpus sp. (31993)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Texas)	Plioplatecarpus sp. (106278)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Mississipii)	Platecarpus sp., Plioplatecarpus sp. (234539)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Canada (Manitoba)	Platecarpus sp. (36746 36749 241439)
Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Saudi Arabia (Tabuk)	Plioplatecarpinae indet. (116314)
Campanian - Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Chile	Plioplatecarpinae indet. (237114)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Russian Federation (Volgograd)	Plioplatecarpus sp. (38075)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Canada (Saskatchewan)	Plioplatecarpus primaevus (155307)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Syria	Plioplatecarpini indet. (117853 117854 117855) Plioplatecarpini indet., Platecarpus ptychodon (117850 117852 117857 117863) Plioplatecarpini indet., Plioplatecarpinae indet. (117849)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Canada (Alberta)	Plioplatecarpus sp. (52076)
Late/Upper Campanian - Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Canada (Manitoba)	Platecarpus sp. (241440)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Belgium	Plioplatecarpus houzeaui (82892)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Morocco	Platecarpus ptychodon (116902 116903)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Canada (Alberta)	Plioplatecarpus sp. (14502)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Antarctica	Plioplatecarpus sp. (141244)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Angola (Namibe)	Platecarpus ptychodon (106705)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (North Dakota)	Plioplatecarpus sp. (231459)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Netherlands (Limburg)	Plioplatecarpus marshi (138726)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (New Jersey)	Russellosaurinae indet. (48570)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Morocco (Khouribga)	Khinjaria acuta (230233)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Antarctica (Isla Marambio)	Plioplatecarpus sp. (235930)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Morocco	Platecarpus ptychodon (99627 213665 213666) Russellosaurinae indet., Platecarpus ptychodon, Gavialimimus almaghribensis (123268)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Jordan	Platecarpus sp. (170239)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Spain (Burgos)	Platecarpus ictericus (176782)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Denmark	Plioplatecarpus sp. (140267 140268)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Argentina (Río Negro)	Plioplatecarpus sp. (140998)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Antarctica	Plioplatecarpus sp. (215568)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Jordan	Platecarpus ptychodon (13366)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Congo-Kinshasa	Plioplatecarpus sp. (142145)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Nigeria (Sokoto)	Goronyosaurus nigeriensis (98105 104944)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (North Dakota)	Plioplatecarpus sp. (231457 231469)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (South Dakota)	Platecarpus sp. (99710)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Niger (Tahoua)	Platecarpus sp., Plioplatecarpus sp., Angolasaurus sp., Mosasauridae indet. (104945)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Australia (Western Australia)	Plioplatecarpinae indet. (41538)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Early/Lower Paleocene	72.2 - 61.66	USA (New Jersey)	Plioplatecarpus sp. (26819)