PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Papyridea

Bivalvia - Cardiida - Cardiidae

Taxonomy

Papyridea was named by Swainson (1840) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 914]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Cardium (Papyridea) by Woodring et al. (1924).

It was assigned to Cardium by Woodring et al. (1924); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); to Trachycardiinae by Moore (2003); and to Cardiidae by Olsson and Harbison (1953), Rosenberg (2005).

Species

P. aspera, P. capsoides, P. clenchi, P. crockeri, P. curvicostata, P. harrimani (syn. Cardium (Papyridea) harrimani), P. hiulcum (syn. P. mantaensis), P. lata, P. semisulcata (syn. P. petitianum), P. soleniformis (syn. Cardium (Papyridea) spinosum)

Species lacking formal opinion data

Cardium bulbosum, Cardium spinosum, P. adacnoides, P. angulata, P. kipenense, P. korfiense, P. korfiensis, P. kurodai, P. matschigarica, P. matschigarica, P. minima, P. noyamiana, P. papyracea, P. sakhalinense, P. securiforme, P. spinosa, P. tatarica, P. utcholokense, P. utcholokensis

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1840	Papyridea Swainson
1924	Cardium (Papyridea) Woodring and et al.
1953	Papyridea Olsson and Harbison p. 69
2002	Papyridea Sepkoski
2003	Papyridea Moore
2005	Papyridea Rosenberg

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Bivalvia
—	Eubivalvia
subclass	Autobranchia	(Groblen 1894)
infraclass	Heteroconchia	(Gray 1854)

Rank	Name	Author
—	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardiidia	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardiata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Cardiiformii	Ferussac 1822
order	Cardiida	Ferussac 1822
suborder	Cardiidina	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardioidei	Ferussac 1822
superfamily	Cardioidea	(Lamarck 1809)
family	Cardiidae	Lamarck 1809
genus	Papyridea	Swainson 1840

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Papyridea Swainson 1840

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Papyridea aspera Sowerby 1833

†Papyridea capsoides Bayan 1873

Papyridea clenchi Ter Poorten 2019

Papyridea crockeri Strong and Hertlein 1937

Papyridea curvicostata Ter Poorten 2019

†Papyridea harrimani Dall 1904

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Invalid names: Cardium (Papyridea) harrimani Makiyama 1934 [synonym]

Papyridea hiulcum Reeve 1845

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Invalid names: Papyridea mantaensis Olsson 1961 [synonym]

Papyridea lata Born 1778

Papyridea semisulcata Gray 1825

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Invalid names: Papyridea petitianum d'Orbigny 1853 [synonym]

Papyridea soleniformis Bruguière 1787

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Invalid names: Cardium (Papyridea) spinosum Meuschen 1787 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

facultatively mobileg

Life habit:

infaunalg

Diet:

suspension feederg

Vision:

blindc

Comments:

LIFE HISTORY: IS, MA, UN, SU according to Todd (2001).g

Created:

2009-09-09 07:20:34

Modified:

2009-09-09 09:20:34

Source: g = genus, c = class

References: Sanchez Roig 1926, Todd 2001, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bartonian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 41.03000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 37.71 Ma

Collections (35 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	France	P. capsoides (78567)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	Japan	P. harrimani (70424)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Russian Federation	P. harrimani (70463 70518)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	Russian Federation	P. harrimani (49975 49980)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.04	Russian Federation	P. harrimani (49974 50122)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.04	USA (Alaska)	P. harrimani (44101 44102)
Late/Upper Oligocene	27.3 - 23.04	Russian Federation	P. harrimani (70464 70475) P. korfiensis (45433)
Aquitanian - Burdigalian	23.04 - 15.98	Russian Federation	P. harrimani (50050)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	USA (California)	Cardium sp. (238191)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	Russian Federation	P. korfiensis (45444)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	Japan (Hokkaido)	P. harrimani (171580)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	USA (Florida)	Cardium bulbosum (41760)
Middle Miocene	15.98 - 11.63	Russian Federation	P. matschigarica (45446 45447 45448) P. matschigarica, P. utcholokensis (45445)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Venezuela (Sucre)	P. soleniformis (41543)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Venezuela	P. semisulcata (131218) P. soleniformis (131210)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	USA (Florida)	P. semisulcatum (79331 79336)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Ecuador	P. mantaensis (62040)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Cuba	Cardium spinosum (66775)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Haiti	Cardium spinosum (60889)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	South Africa	P. papyracea (122940)
Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Costa Rica	P. aspera (135044)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	USA (Florida)	P. semisulcata, P. soleniformis (67069)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Japan (Hokkaido)	P. kurodai (65401)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Bermuda	P. semisulcata (67965)