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Poales

Angiospermae - Poales

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1903Poales Small p. 48
2008Poales Taylor et al. p. 1029
2016Poales The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumSpermatophyta
classAngiospermae
—Mesangiosperms
RankNameAuthor
—Monocots
orderPoales
orderPoales

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Poales Small 1903
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Fm. †Bromeliaceae de Jussieu 1789
+
G. Bromelia Linnaeus 1753
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Bromelia ananas Linnaeus 1753
Bromelia karatas Linnaeus 1753
Bromelia lingulata Linnaeus 1753
Bromelia nudicaulis Linnaeus 1753
Bromelia pinguin Linnaeus 1753
†Bromelia tenuifolia Lesquereux 1891
G. †Bromeliaceophyllum Weyland 1957
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G. †Bromelianthus Massalongo 1859
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†Bromelianthus heuflerianus Massalongo 1859
G. Catopsis Grisebach 1865
G. Eduandrea Leme et al. 2008
G. Neoregelia Smith 1934
Invalid names: Andreaeaites Kapgate and Sheikh 1986 [nomen nudum]
G. †Clementsiella Elias 1942
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†Clementsiella laminarum Cockerell 1942
Fm. Cyperaceae Jussieu 1789 [sedge]
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G. Bisboeckelera Kuntze 1891
G. Capitularina Kern 1974
G. Carex Linnaeus 1753
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Carex aquatilis Wahlenberg 1803
†Carex berthoudi Lesquereux 1872
†Carex burrardiana Penhallow 1895
†Carex clarkii Berry 1905
Carex magellanica Lamarck 1792
†Carex servata Heer 1869
Carex utriculata Boott 1839
†Carex vancouverensis Penhallow 1895
Unr. †Caricoideae Chandler 1957
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G. †Caricoidea Chandler 1957
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†Caricoidea angulata Chandler 1963
†Caricoidea arnei Chandler 1962
†Caricoidea obovata Chandler 1961
†Caricoidea obscura Chandler 1960
†Caricoideae nitens Heer 1862
G. †Cladiocarya Reid and Chandler 1926
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†Cladiocarya foveolata Reid and Chandler 1926
G. Cladium Browne
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†Cladium minimum Chandler 1925
G. Coleochloa Gilly 1943
G. †Cyperaceoxylon Chitaley and Patel 1970
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†Cyperaceoxylon intertrappeum Chitaley and Patel 1970
G. †Cyperacites Schimper 1870
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†Cyperacites angustior Schimper 1870
†Cyperacites borealis Heer 1868
†Cyperacites dubius Heer 1855
†Cyperacites giganteus Knowlton 1899
†Cyperacites haydenii Lesquereux 1883
†Cyperacites richardsii Thomasson 1976
Invalid names: Cyperites Heer 1855 [synonym]
G. †Cyperocarpus Pax 1906
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G. Cyperus Linnaeus 1753 [sedge]
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Cyperus articulatus Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus arundinacea Linnaeus 1753
†Cyperus braunianus Heer 1855
†Cyperus chavannesi Heer 1855
Cyperus compressus Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus elegans Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus 1753
†Cyperus filiferus Cockerell 1923
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Invalid names: Carpolithus filiferus Cockerell 1923 [synonym], Eopuntia douglassi Chaney 1944 [synonym]
Cyperus flavescens Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus fuscus Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus haspan Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus iria Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus longus Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus minimus Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus papyrus Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus rotundus Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus strigosus Linnaeus 1753
Cyperus unioloides Brown 1810
G. Eleocharis Brown 1810
G. †Gahnia Forster and Forster 1775
G. Krenakia Costa 2021
G. †Liaoxia Cao et al. 1998
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†Liaoxia chenii Cao et al. 1998
G. Machaerina Vahl 1805
G. †Polycarpella Reid and Chandler 1933
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†Polycarpella caespitosa Reid and Chandler 1933
G. Schoenoplectus Reichenbach 1888
G. †Scirpitis Dusén 1908
G. Scirpus Linnaeus 1753
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Scirpus acicularis Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus articulatus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus capillaris Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus capitatus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus cespitosus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus dichotomus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus echinatus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus ferrugineus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus fluitans Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus geniculatus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus glomeratus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus holoschoenus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus lacustris Linnaeus 1753
†Scirpus lakensis Chandler 1960
Scirpus lithospermus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus maritimus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus michelianus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus mucronatus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus palustris Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus retrofractus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus romanus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus setacea Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus spadicens Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus supinus Linnaeus 1753
Scirpus sylvaticus Linnaeus 1753
G. †Scleriocarya Chandler 1963
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†Scleriocarya tribrachteata Chandler 1963
G. Trianoptiles Fenzl 1836
G. †Volkeria Smith et al. 2009
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†Volkeria messelense Smith et al. 2009
Invalid names: Scirpoideae [empty], Scirpusoxylon Shete 1986 [nomen nudum]
Fm. †Eriocaulaceae Desvaux 1820
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G. Eriocaulon Linnaeus 1753 [pipewort]
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Eriocaulon decangulare Linnaeus 1753
†Eriocaulon porosum Lesquereux 1873
Eriocaulon setaceum Linnaeus 1753
Eriocaulon sexangulare Linnaeus 1753
Fm. †Flagellariaceae Dumortier 1829
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G. Flagellaria Linnaeus 1753
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Flagellaria indica Linnaeus 1753
Fm. †Juncaceae de Jussieu 1789
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G. Juncus Linnaeus 1753 [rush]
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Juncus acutus Linnaeus 1753
Juncus articulatus Linnaeus 1753
Juncus biglumis Linnaeus 1753
Juncus bufonius Linnaeus 1753
Juncus bulbosus Linnaeus 1753
Juncus campestris Linnaeus 1753
Juncus conglomeratus Linnaeus 1753
†Juncus crassulus Cockerell 1908
Juncus effusus Linnaeus 1753
Juncus filiformis Linnaeus 1753
Juncus inflexus Linnaeus 1753
Juncus pilosus Linnaeus 1753
Juncus spicatus Linnaeus 1753
Juncus squarrosus Linnaeus 1753
Juncus trifidus Linnaeus 1753
Juncus triglumis Linnaeus 1753
Fm. Poaceae Barnhart 1895 [grass]
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G. Actinocladum McClure 1981
G. Bambusa von Schreber 1789 [bamboo]
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†Bambusa siwalika Awasthi and Prasad 1990
Subfm. Bambusoideae Luerssen 1893 [bamboo]
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G. †Bambusiculmus Wang and Zhou 2013
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†Bambusiculmus angustus Wang and Zhou 2013
†Bambusiculmus latus Wang and Zhou 2013
G. †Bambusium Unger 1845
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†Bambusium angustifolia Wang and Zhou 2013
†Bambusium carolinense Fontaine 1883
†Bambusium latifolia Wang and Zhou 2013
†Bambusium latipseudopetiolus Wang and Sun 2014
†Bambusium longipseudopetiolus Wang and Sun 2014
†Bambusium sepultum Unger 1845
G. Dendrocalamus Nees 1835
G. †Graminidites Potonie 1960
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†Graminidites annulatus Potonié 1960
†Graminidites antarcticus Stuchlik 1981
†Graminidites assamicus Sah and Dutta 1968
†Graminidites bambusoides Stuchlik 1964
†Graminidites ellipticus Mathur and Chopra 1987
†Graminidites media Cookson 1947
†Graminidites protrudus Mathur and Mathur 1969
G. Chrysochloa Swallen 1941
G. †Culmites Bronignart 1822
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†Culmites anomalus Bronignart 1822
†Culmites cutchensis Sahni 1964
†Culmites deccanensis Paradkar 1975
†Culmites eleusineoides Bonde 1986
G. Elymus Linnaeus 1753 [wheatgrass]
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Elymus arenarius Linnaeus 1753
Elymus canadensis Linnaeus 1753
Elymus caputmedusae Linnaeus 1753
†Elymus deccanensis Patil and Singh 1984
Elymus hystrix Linnaeus 1753
Elymus sibiricus Linnaeus 1753
Elymus virginicus Linnaeus 1753
G. †Eragrosites Cao et al. 1998
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†Eragrosites changii Cao et al. 1998
G. †Glycerioxylon Trivedi and Bajpai 1982
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†Glycerioxylon mohgaonense Trivedi and Bajpai 1982
G. †Graminocarpon Chitaley and Sheikh 1971
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†Graminocarpon mohgaoense Chitaley and Sheikh 1971
G. Greeneochloa Peterson et al. 2019
G. Hubbardia Bor 1951
G. †Hygrorhizos Trivedi et al. 1985
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†Hygrorhizos deccanii Trivedi et al. 1985
G. Iseilema Andersson 1856
G. Lepturus Brown 1810 [thintail]
G. Lygeum Linnaeus 1754
G. †Monoporopollenites Meyer 1956
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†Monoporopollenites annulatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Monoporopollenites minimus Potonié and Sah 1960
G. Neostapfia Davy 1899
G. Ophiuros Gaertner 1805
G. Sohnsia Airy Shaw 1965
G. Tridens Roemer and Schultes 1817
G. Walwhalleya Wills and Bruhl 2006
G. Zea Linnaeus 1753 [teosinte]
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Zea mays Linnaeus 1753 [maize]
G. Zotovia Edgar and Connor 1998
Invalid names: Cerealia [empty], Gramineae de Jussieu [synonym], Palaeozea Bajpai 1987 [nomen nudum]
Fm. †Restionaceae Brown 1810
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G. †Milfordia Erdtman 1960
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†Milfordia argentina Barreda 1997
†Milfordia homeopunctata Partridge 1973
†Milfordia incierta Krutzsch 1961
Invalid names: Anarthriaceae Cutler and Airy Shaw 1965 [synonym], Centrolepidaceae Endlicher 1836 [synonym]
G. †Triticoides De Stefani 1948
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†Triticoides blanchii De Stefani 1948
Fm. Typhaceae Jussieu 1789
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G. †Sparganiaceaepollenites Thiergart 1937
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†Sparganiaceaepollenites annulatus De Benedetti et al. 2023
†Sparganiaceaepollenites delicata Mautino and Anzótegui 2002
†Sparganiaceaepollenites uniformis Christopher and Prowell 2002
G. Typha Linnaeus 1753 [bulrush]
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Typha angustata Bory de Saint-Vincent and Chaubard 1832
Typha latifolia Linnaeus 1753
†Typha lesquereuxi Cockerell 1908
G. †Typhacites Saporta 1890
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†Typhacites rugosus Saporta 1890
G. †Typhaeloipum Unger 1845
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†Typhaeloipum lacustre Unger 1845
G. †Typhaephyllum Prakash and Boureau 1970
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†Typhaephyllum scammoni Prakash and Boureau 1970
G. †Vallisnerites Heer 1878
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Fm. Xyridaceae Agardh 1823 [yellow-eyed grass]
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G. Xyris Linnaeus 1753
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Xyris indica Linnaeus 1753
G. †Yorkia Wanner 1900
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†Yorkia gramineoides Ward 1900
Invalid names: Ecdeiocoleaceae Cutler and Airy Shaw 1965 [empty], Joinvilleaceae Smith and Tomlinson 1970 [empty], Mayacaceae Kunth 1842 [empty], Rapateaceae Dumortier 1829 [empty], Thurniaceae Engler 1907 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Diet: "photoautotroph"p
Created: 2011-07-22 00:04:15
Modified: 2011-07-21 09:04:15
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Barremian to the top of the Holocene or 130.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 122.46 Ma

Collections (718 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5USA (Georgia) Phragmites pratti (212691)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian130.0 - 122.46China (Liaoning) Liaoxia chenii, Eragrosites changii (31541)
Early/Lower Albian112.03 - 109.0China (Gansu) Poaceae indet. (45413)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Typha sp. (34971 34974)
Late/Upper Cretaceous - Early/Lower Paleocene100.5 - 61.7Argentina (Chubut) Sparganiaceaepollenites sp. (195706) Sparganiaceaepollenites sp., Sparganiaceaepollenites annulatus (195707)
Late/Upper Cretaceous - Miocene100.5 - 5.333China (Xingjian) Sparganiaceaepollenites sp. (140039)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (South Carolina) Phragmites pratti, Carex clarkii (210092) Phragmites sp. (182933)
Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0South Sudan Milfordia sp. (199964)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (South Carolina) Sparganiaceaepollenites hospahensis (233765)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Cyperus sp. (34894)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) Sparganiaceaepollenites annulatus (31653 199410) Sparganiaceaepollenites sp. (149815 151446 151452)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (South Carolina) Sparganiaceaepollenites hospahensis (233625 233757) Sparganiaceaepollenites uniformis (233466 233515 233517 233522 233523 233529 233532)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Sparganiaceaepollenites barungensis (168708 168710)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Senegal (Dakar) Graminidites sp. 1 (137364) Graminidites sp. 2 (137365)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Spain (Castilla y Leon) Typha sp. (61321)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Cyperacites sp., Typha sp. (34969) Phragmites falcata (35576) Typha sp. (34921 34968 34970)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Netherlands (Limburg) Culmites cretaceus (67133)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0India (Andhra Pradesh) Sparganiaceaepollenites sp. (27014 122240)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Argentina (Chubut) Sparganiaceaepollenites barungensis (152264) Sparganiaceaepollenites sp. (151455 151456 151457 151458 151459 151460 167922)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (Alabama) Sparganiaceaepollenites spp. (231043 231044 231046)