| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Esmeraldina
Taxonomy
Esmeraldina was named by Resser and Howel (1938) [Sepkoski's age data: Cm Atda-u].
It was synonymized subjectively with Holmia by Jell and Adrain (2002).
It was assigned to Olenellida by Sepkoski (2002); to Holmiinae by Lieberman (1999) and Ebbestad et al. (2003); and to Holmiidae by Fritz (1995), Whittington et al. (1997) and Hollingsworth (2006).
It was synonymized subjectively with Holmia by Jell and Adrain (2002).
It was assigned to Olenellida by Sepkoski (2002); to Holmiinae by Lieberman (1999) and Ebbestad et al. (2003); and to Holmiidae by Fritz (1995), Whittington et al. (1997) and Hollingsworth (2006).
Species
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1938 | Esmeraldina Resser and Howel |
| 1995 | Esmeraldina Fritz p. 712 |
| 1997 | Esmeraldina Whittington et al. p. 414 |
| 1999 | Esmeraldina Lieberman p. 85 |
| 2002 | Esmeraldina Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Esmeraldina Ebbestad et al. |
| 2006 | Esmeraldina Hollingsworth p. 319 |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Esmeraldina Resser and Howel 1938
show all | hide all
†Esmeraldina elliptica Hollingsworth 2006
†Esmeraldina macer Resser and Howell 1938
†Esmeraldina rowei Walcott 1910
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| W. H. Fritz 1995 | Holmiid with cephalon approximately twiceas wide as long. Maximum width of extraocular area less than twice that o f interocular area. Anterior and lateral borders well de fined. Glabella wide, exhibiting only slight restriction at level of posterior glabellar furrow (SI); anterior lobe terminating at or near anterior border. Third pair of glabellar lobes (L3) not appreciably different from second pair (L2). Ocular lobes nar row, strap-like, lacking ocular furrow. Intergenal spines located at or proximal to midlength on posterior border. Genal angles usually moderately advanced. Occipital ring bearing spine with narrow base. Inner pleurae o f thorax narrower (tr.) than axis, transverse, bearing short thorn-like spines that rapidly narrow from the base. Pygidium small, axis comprised of one or two indistinct rings and terminal piece, margin smooth(?) or bearing up to three(?) pairs of small spines. | |
| B. S. Lieberman 1999 | Anterior cephalic border developed as rounded ridge, prominently separated by furrow from extraocular area; frontal lobe contacts anterior border furrow, lateral margins distal of lateral margins of L0, expands prominently dorsally; anterolateral margins of frontal lobe prominently separated from extraocular area by furrow (not anterior border furrow); length (sag.) of L4 equal to 1 to 1.1 times length of L0 and L1; dorsal notch in ocular lobe where it contacts lateral margins of frontal lobe; S3 evenly convex, medial and distal tips as far forward; anterodistal margins of L3 formed by axial furrows; distal margin of L3 straight; lateral margins of glabella opposite L2 diverging anteriorly; medial and distal tips of S2 as far forward; S1, S2 and S3 conjoined medially; posterior edge of ocular lobe opposite distal tip of S0; line from posterior margin of ocular lobe to junction of lobe with glabella forms roughly 5 to 15 degree angle relative to sagittal line; L0 with spine posterior of midline; lat- eral lobes absent from L0; intergenal angle with small spine directly behind distal tip of oc- ular lobe; intergenal angle forms roughly 10 to 15 degree angle with transverse line; extraoc- ular area prominently vaulted, width (tr.) at L1 45% to 55% width of glabella at L1; genal spine angle opposite distal margin of L0; lateral margin of genal spine near spine angle forms roughly 30 to 40 degree angle with sagittal line; genal spine extends back roughly 8 thoracic segments; thoracic pleural spines on first four segments extend back only one segment; lat- eral margins of spines inclined at 40 to 50 degree angle relative to sagittal line; posterior mar- gins of first four thoracic segments near spines flex slightly anteriorly; length (sag.) and width (tr.) of pygidium roughly equal; posterior margin of pygidium roughly transverse. | |
| J. S. Hollingsworth 2006 | Holmiid with genal angle slightly to
strongly advanced, genal spine wide at base. Intergenal spine well developed, located proximal to midlength of posterior margin. Anterior and lateral borders well defined. Glabella slightly ex- panded anteriorly, slightly narrowed at S1, reaching or nearly reaching anterior border, L1 to L3 similar in shape, glabellar fur- rows not joined at axis. L0 with spine or node. Posterior tips of ocular lobes align with L1 or anterior of L0. Extraocular area between one and two times width of interocular area. Exoskeleton smooth to strongly granular. Thorax narrow, with 17 segments, inner pleural region narrower (tr.) than axis, pleural spines short, thornlike, each segment with an axial spine. Pygidium small, ex- panded posteriorly. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
| Source: f = family, o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Whittington et al. 1997, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Montezuman to the top of the Dyeran or 520.00000 to 511.20000 Ma
Collections (38 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waucoban | USA (Nevada) | E. rowei (69467) | |
| Atdabanian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | E. rowei (157302) | |
| Montezuman | USA (California) | Holmia rowei (226620) | |
| Montezuman | USA (Nevada) | E. elliptica (140537) E. elliptica, E. rowei (140522 140533 140534) E. rowei (69466 140503 140507 140513 140519 140520 140521 140523 140524 140525 140526 140527 140528 140529 140530 140531 140532 140535 140536 140545 140557 140558 204033) E. sp. (10554 10555) | |
| Dyeran | USA (Vermont) | E. hermani (194) | |
| Dyeran | USA (Pennsylvania) | E. macer (192 11110 225188 226193 226194) |