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Gravicalymene

Trilobita - Phacopida - Calymenidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1936Gravicalymene Shirley p. 395
1963Calymene (Gravicalymene) Talent p. 105
1977Gravicalymene Siveter
1980Apocalymene Chatterton and Campbell
2002Apocalymene Jell and Adrain p. 343
2002Gravicalymene Jell and Adrain p. 380
2002Apocalymene Sepkoski
2002Gravicalymene Sepkoski

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—EcdysozoaAguinaldo et al. 1997
—Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
RankNameAuthor
subphylumArtiopoda(Hou and Bergstrom)
classTrilobitaWalch 1771
orderPhacopidaSalter 1864
suborderCalymeninaSwinnerton 1915
familyCalymenidaeMilne-Edwards 1840
genusGravicalymene

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Gravicalymene Shirley 1936
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†Gravicalymene affinis Hawle and Corda 1847
†Gravicalymene arcuata Price 1982
†Gravicalymene asperula Vanek 1965
†Gravicalymene australis Etheridge and Mitchell 1917
†Gravicalymene bakeri Smith and Ebach 2020
†Gravicalymene capitovata Siveter 1977
†Gravicalymene convolva Shirley 1936
†Gravicalymene coppinsensis Chatterton and Campbell 1980
†Gravicalymene deani Ingham 1977
†Gravicalymene eunoa Haas 1968
†Gravicalymene hagani Ross 1967
†Gravicalymene hetera Gill 1945
†Gravicalymene hornyi Snajdr 1981
†Gravicalymene inflata Dean 1963
†Gravicalymene interjecta Hawle and Corda 1847
†Gravicalymene lardeuxi Pillet 1976
†Gravicalymene longmenshanensis Li and Hao 1978
†Gravicalymene maura Alberti 1969
†Gravicalymene pola Snadjr 1982
†Gravicalymene pontilis Price 1982
†Gravicalymene quadrilobata Chatterton 1971
†Gravicalymene reperta Oehlert 1890
†Gravicalymene scutula Holloway 1980
†Gravicalymene susi McNamara 1979
†Gravicalymene tedderensis Alberti 1969
†Gravicalymene vaccina Holloway 1994
†Gravicalymene yamakoshii Kobayashi and Hamada 1977
†Gravicalymene zhenzishanensis Kobayashi and Hamada 1977
Invalid names: Apocalymene Chatterton and Campbell 1980 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitec
Composition 2: chitinc
Entire body: yesf
Adult length: 10 to < 100f
Adult width: 10 to < 100f
Ontogeny: molting, addition of partsc
Environment: marinec
Locomotion: actively mobilef
Life habit: nektobenthicf
Diet: carnivoref
Vision: well-developedf
Created: 2009-06-11 14:42:12
Modified: 2012-08-27 07:17:38
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Hendy 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Aseri to the top of the Early/Lower Emsian or 464.30000 to 399.50000 Ma

Collections (149 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Aseri - Lasnamagi464.3 - 459.7Norway G. capitovata (167273)
Uhaku459.7 - 458.0Norway G. capitovata (167002)
Soudleyan - Marshbrookian458.2 - 454.0Norway G. sp. (2945)
Caradoc458.2 - 449.5Ireland G. sp. (50601 50602)
Caradoc - Ashgill458.2 - 443.1Canada (Quebec) G. sp. b (13129)
Mohawkian457.3 - 451.0USA (Tennessee) G. sp. (86199)
Haljala - Keila456.8 - 452.8Norway G. capitovata (167271 167272)
Haljala - Keila456.8 - 452.8Norway (Asker) G. sp. (167232)
Actonian - Onnian454.0 - 449.5United Kingdom (England) G. sp. (3650 3655)
Chatfieldian453.8 - 451.0USA (Kentucky) G. hagani (99334) G. sp. (34547 34563 48747 48801 48803 48805 48806 48810 48812) G. sp. 2 (209382)
Onnian453.0 - 449.5United Kingdom (Wales) G. praecox (76476)
Katian452.8 - 445.2Australia (Tasmania) G. bakeri (225609)
Edenian451.0 - 450.2USA (Pennsylvania) G. sp. (34895)
Edenian451.0 - 450.2USA (Kentucky) G. sp. (48770 48772 48779 48781 48788 72638 72676 72680 72714) G. sp. 3 (209383) G. sp. 4 (192320) G. truncatus (209418)
Kralodvorian450.1 - 445.2Czechia (Praha) G. asperula (151985) G. sp. (151988)
Kralodvorian450.1 - 445.2Czechia (Prague) G. sp. (76479)
Kralodvorian - Rawtheyan450.1 - 445.2Czechia G. asperula (3879 238013)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5USA (Iowa) G. sp. (13260)
Pusgillian449.5 - 449.2United Kingdom (England) G. sp. (42638 43745 43773 43774 43782 43784)
Pusgillian - Cautleyan449.5 - 448.8United Kingdom (Wales) G. convolva (167270)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.1Canada (Quebec) G. sp. (54135)
Cautleyan - Rawtheyan449.2 - 445.2United Kingdom (Wales) Flexicalymene quadrata (8290 8291)
Rawtheyan448.8 - 445.2United Kingdom (Wales) G. sp. (8370 81276)
Rawtheyan448.8 - 445.2United Kingdom (England) G. sp. (3666 3667 3668 3669 3671 3676 3681)
Rawtheyan - Hirnantian448.8 - 443.1United Kingdom (Wales) Flexicalymene quadrata (8292)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.1Australia (Tasmania) G. sp. (26240)
Rhuddanian443.1 - 440.5Australia (Tasmania) G. clarkei (229053)
Llandovery443.1 - 432.9Canada (Quebec) G. sp. a (11423) G. sp. a, G. sp. b (13134) G. sp. b (11422)
Silurian443.1 - 419.62Australia (Victoria) G. angustior (10187 10191 10193)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9Australia (Queensland) G. vaccina (40018)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9Australia (Tasmania) G. sp. (40017)
Wenlock432.9 - 426.7USA (Arkansas) Sthenarocalymene scutula (26020 229058)
Wenlock432.9 - 426.7Australia (Australian Capital Territory) Apocalymene coppinsense (25679) Apocalymene sp. (25649 25652)
Whitwellian430.6 - 429.6Canada (Northwest Territories) G. sp. (26050)
Ludfordian425.0 - 422.7Australia (New South Wales) Apocalymene sp. (25634)
Pridoli422.7 - 419.62Czechia Apocalymene chica (14073) Apocalymene nabrici (14060)
Pridoli - Lochkovian422.7 - 413.02Australia (Victoria) Apocalymene sp. (646)
Lochkovian419.62 - 413.02Czechia Apocalymene hornyi (14042) G. hornyi (10281 10315 14118) G. sp. (14119)
Lochkovian419.62 - 413.02Czechia (Prague) G. hornyi (12068 12072)
Lochkovian419.62 - 413.02Morocco Calymene interjecta (13936)
Lochkovian419.62 - 413.02Australia (New South Wales) G. angustior (24907)
Lochkovian - Pragian419.62 - 410.62Vietnam G. maloungcaensis (83290)
Helderbergian - Emsian419.62 - 393.47Austria Calymene reperta (26203)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62Australia (New South Wales) Apocalymene sp. (25697 69316 69317 69319 69320 69321 69322 69323 69324 69325 69326 69327 69329 69330 69333 69336 69338 69340 69341 69342 69343 69344 69346 69348 69353 69354 69358)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62Vietnam G. blumenbachi (83241) G. maloungcaensis (83248) G. maloungcaensis, G. blumenbachi (83291)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62Morocco Calymene n. sp. A (27062) Calymene n. sp. A, Calymene maura (27041) Calymene teddersensis (27060) G. sp. (91724)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62Australia (Victoria) Apocalymene sp. (647) Calymene angustior (75683)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62Czechia G. interjecta (10378 12101)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62New Zealand Calymene angustior (77223)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62Czechia (Prague) G. affinis (12071 12083)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62Czechia (Srbsko) G. sp. (235198)
Pragian - Early/Lower Emsian413.02 - 399.5Italy Calymene reperta (26245 26255)
Pragian - Middle Devonian413.02 - 382.31Czechia G. affinis (10344 10372) G. interjecta (10379)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47China (Guangxi) G. sp. (27420 27422)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47Uzbekistan G. sp. (181378)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47Australia (New South Wales) G. quadrilobata (39884 39886 39890)
Zlichovian410.62 - 393.47China (Guangxi) G. sp. (27348)