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Polyentactinia
Taxonomy
Polyentactinia was named by Foreman (1963) [Sepkoski's age data: Cm Atda-u P Leon-m Sepkoski's reference number: 535,546,579]. Its type is Polyentactinia craticulata.
It was assigned to Polyentactiniinae by Aitchison (1993); to Entactiniidae by Won (1997); to Spumellaria by Sepkoski (2002); to Polyentactiniidae by De Wever et al. (2001) and Wang et al. (2003); to Orosphaeridae by Feng et al. (2004); and to Pylentonemidae by Noble et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Polyentactiniinae by Aitchison (1993); to Entactiniidae by Won (1997); to Spumellaria by Sepkoski (2002); to Polyentactiniidae by De Wever et al. (2001) and Wang et al. (2003); to Orosphaeridae by Feng et al. (2004); and to Pylentonemidae by Noble et al. (2017).
Species
P. amplictibrosa, P. applanata, P. aranaeosa, P. aranea, P. biacus, P. centrata, P. circumretia, P. coldinensis, P. craticulata (type species), P. crux, P. djagdiensis, P. estonica, P. fiscina, P. fragilis, P. helioformis, P. hunanensis, P. ishigai, P. kossistekensis, P. lautitia, P. leeorum, P. leptosphaera, P. miopora, P. multifida, P. multifora, P. nazarovi, P. njatvica, P. octupla, P. offerta, P. offirmata, P. perampla, P. plecta, P. polygonia, P. propinqua, P. rudihispida, P. sexangulata, P. spinulenta, P. stelcki, P. tenera, P. udiensis, P. zhamoidai
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1963 | Polyentactinia Foreman |
| 1993 | Polyentactinia Aitchison |
| 1997 | Polyentactinia Won |
| 2001 | Polyentactinia De Wever et al. p. 185 |
| 2002 | Polyentactinia Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Polyentactinia Wang et al. p. 136 |
| 2004 | Polyentactinia Feng et al. p. 388 |
| 2017 | Polyentactinia Noble et al. p. 456 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Polyentactinia Foreman 1963
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†Polyentactinia amplictibrosa Nazarov 1986
†Polyentactinia applanata Nazarov and Ormiston 1989
†Polyentactinia aranaeosa Nazarov and Ormiston 1984
†Polyentactinia aranea Gourmelon 1986
†Polyentactinia biacus Sugiyama 1992
†Polyentactinia centrata Nazarov and Ormiston 1985
†Polyentactinia circumretia Nazarov and Ormiston 1990
†Polyentactinia coldinensis Nazarov 1975
†Polyentactinia craticulata Foreman 1963
†Polyentactinia crux Sugiyama 1992
†Polyentactinia djagdiensis Nazarov 1974
†Polyentactinia estonica Nazarov 1983
†Polyentactinia fiscina Nazarov and Ormiston 1989
†Polyentactinia fragilis Nazarov and Ormiston 1989
†Polyentactinia helioformis Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Polyentactinia hunanensis Dong et al. 1997
†Polyentactinia ishigai Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Polyentactinia kossistekensis Nazarov 1975
†Polyentactinia lautitia Nazarov and Ormiston 1985
†Polyentactinia leeorum Goodbody 1986
†Polyentactinia leptosphaera Foreman 1963
†Polyentactinia miopora Wang 2000
†Polyentactinia multifida Nazarov 1986
†Polyentactinia multifora Nazarov 1986
†Polyentactinia nazarovi Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Polyentactinia njatvica Nazarov and Ormiston 1990
†Polyentactinia octupla Nazarov 1986
†Polyentactinia offerta Nazarov 1980
†Polyentactinia offirmata Nazarov and Ormiston 1989
†Polyentactinia perampla Braun et al. 1992
†Polyentactinia plecta Foreman 1963
†Polyentactinia polygonia Foreman 1963
†Polyentactinia propinqua Nazarov 1975
†Polyentactinia rudihispida Nazarov and Ormiston 1993
†Polyentactinia sexangulata Feng et al. 1997
†Polyentactinia spinulenta Pouille and Danelian 2014
†Polyentactinia stelcki Goodbody 1986
†Polyentactinia tenera Aitchison 1993
†Polyentactinia udiensis Nazarov 1974
†Polyentactinia zhamoidai Afanasieva 2000
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 1999 | |||||
Age range: base of the Early/Lower Frasnian to the top of the Pelsonian or 383.70000 to 242.00000 Ma
Collections (28 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Givetian | China (Yunnan) | P. miopora (90904) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | Australia (Western Australia) | P. tenera (233596) | |
| Late/Upper Devonian | USA (Ohio) | P. craticulata, P. polygonia, P. leptosphaera (142358) P. polygonia, P. leptosphaera (142361) P. polygonia, P. leptosphaera, P. plecta (142363) | |
| Early/Lower Famennian | Russian Federation (Northern Urals) | P. sp. (12335) | |
| Tournaisian | Germany | P. aranea (91000) | |
| Chadian | Thailand | P. polygonia (90896 90897) | |
| Visean | Germany | P. sp., P. polygonia, P. aranea (91002) | |
| Kungurian | Russian Federation | P. sp. (225522) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Guangxi) | P. sp. (95334) | |
| Smithian | China (Hunan) | P. phatthalungensis (220571) | |
| Spathian | Japan (Tochigi) | P. furutanii, P. sp., P. crux (220579) | |
| Spathian | Japan (Kanto) | P. crux (220545 220548 220553 220561) | |
| Spathian | Japan (Aichi) | P. crux (220802) P. sp. (220801) | |
| Spathian | Thailand (Phatthalung) | P. phattalungensis (220597) | |
| Spathian | Japan | P. biacus, P. crux (95372) P. crux (95330) | |
| Pelsonian | Thailand (San Kamphaeng) | P. sp. (220618 220619) | |
| Pelsonian | Thailand | P. sp. (64517 64518) | |
| Pelsonian | Japan (Aichi) | P. sp. (220813) |